Magnetic Data Essay - 1219 Words

3. DATA AND METHODOLOGY 3.1. Magnetic Data The used data are based on the reduced to pole (RTP) aeromagnetic data (Fig. 2) with contour interval of 20 nT, scale 1:250,000 (total field of the area is 41,400 nT, inclination angle is 37.4 degrees and declination angle is +1.6 degrees). The magnetic data was compiled for the Eastern Desert and the Red Sea, based on Meshref (1990) and available in Saad (1991). The Union Oil Company carried out this survey in 1974. Fig. (2): 3.2. Determination of the Curie point depth (CPD) Magnetic anomalies are produced by grouping the effects from both shallow and deep magnetic sources (Thà ©bault et al., 2010). Consequently, the RTP data contain high wavenumbers and low wavenumbers anomalies together. The†¦show more content†¦The centroid of the magnetic source Z0 can be estimated by fitting a straight line over the low-wavenumber portion of the radially averaged frequency-scaled power spectrum as shown in the flowing formula: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (2) Where D is a constant. Therefore, Zt and Z0 of the magnetic body can be determined. The basal depth (Zb) of any magnetic source can be resulted (Okubo et al., 1985; Tanaka et al., 1999) as: Zb= 2Z0-Zt†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (3) The obtained bottom depth (Zb) of the magnetic source is equivalent to the CPD. (Bhattacharyya and Leu 1975; Okubo et al. 1985). At Zb, Ferromagnetic minerals are loss their magnetization due to a temperature of about 580 º C. Spector and Grant (1970) generalized their energy power spectrum expression of the map by assuming that the anomalies of any magnetic map are come from a group of vertical magnetic prisms. Smith et al. (1974), Boler (1978) and Connard et al. (1983) applied the expression of this energy power spectrum to define the depth of the deepest magnetic layer. To link the CPD (Zb) with the Curie point isotherm (580 ºC), the vertical direction of temperature variation and the constant geothermal gradient were assumed. The geothermal gradient (dT/dZ) from the CPD (Zb) to the earth’s surface can be derived (Tanaka et al. 1999;Show MoreRelated John Dalton Biography Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessity of considering the beams of the aurora borealis of a ferruginous iron-like nature, because nothing else is known to be magnetic, and as a result, that there exists in the higher regions of the atmosphere an elastic fluid partaking of the properties of iron, or rather of magnetic steel, and that this fluid, doubtless from its magnetic property, assumes the form of cylindric beams. 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We can use computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to produceRead MoreDifference Between Cognitive And Cognitive Psychology1389 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast two different approaches to Cognitive Psychology This essay will be focused on two different approaches to cognitive psychology: Cognitive Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience. Cognitive Neuropsychology is concerned with the patterns of cognitive performance and emphasis on the cognitive effects of brain-damaged patients who suffered lesions, injuries or diseases, providing vest information on normal human cognition. (Eysenck and Keane 2015, p.5) Whereas cognitive neuroscienceRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Development Of Psychological Research1462 Words   |  6 PagesA discussion into the claim that technology has played a decisive role in the development of psychological research. This essay will discuss the role that technology has played in psychological research. 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Evolution Of Educational Theories Learning And Student...

Evolution of Educational Theories Looking into most classrooms an educator can be seen implementing Abraham Maslow, B.F. Skinner, or Maria Montessori’s motivational techniques. Abraham Maslow’s research led him to believe that an individual has: physiological needs, the need for safety, the need for love and belonging, the need for esteem, and the need for self-actualization. B.F. Skinner believes that an individual can learn through positive and negative reinforcement called Operant Conditioning. Maria Montessori feels that hands-on activities, encouragement, and love will allow a child to succeed. Three Theorists B.F. Skinner There are educator centered learning and student centered learning. Behaviorism is the only theory found within the educator centered learning. Behaviorism is educator centered because its emphasis is on the educator’s role. Behaviorism concentrates on the visible characteristics of students’ behavior. B.F. Skinner created behaviorism and believes that students are only motivated by what they are getting in return. Skinner suggests that individuals are motivated by reinforcements, positive or negative. He feels that the only way an individual will succeed is by getting a reward whether it is positive or not. When an individual is doing something negative they should have consequences. Abraham Maslow Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs is definitely student centered learning. Maslow s theory suggests that individuals are motivated by their five needs:Show MoreRelated Distance Education Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Education Distance education is a process that creates and provides access to learning when time and distance separate the source of information and the learners(Zhang, 1998, p.1). Distance education defies time and space and can help create a virtual schoolhouse, or a ‘classroom without walls’(Wheat, 1998, p.1). The need to take the distance out of education has not been driven largely by sheer need to bridge physical separations. It has been based mainly on providing accessRead MoreThe Disadvantages Of Home Schooling1690 Words   |  7 PagesThere is a reason why both homeschooling and public schools exist and its feasible that we analyze the motives behind both educational track. John Holt promoted the alternative schooling movement around the 1970’s. Holt discouraged parents from enrolling there kids in public schools. He warned families that school were centered around factory like learning that rendered students compliant. He wanted to rid children of this compliant behavior which later came to be known as â€Å"unschooling †. Holts preachingRead MoreThe Book Drive Is A Non Fiction Book By Daniel Pink1137 Words   |  5 Pages Drive is a 2009 non-fiction book by Daniel Pink. 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Subject matter theory emphasizes course content, and that students learn by attending lectures, doing reading assignments, and completing the requiredRead MoreEducation And The Current System Of Teaching966 Words   |  4 Pagesand the evolution controversy, which has been ongoing since 1925, and significant figures including John Locke, and Christian von Wolff, the following text describes their importance to the current workings of public school systems in the U.S.. The Massachusetts Bay Colony is responsible for putting into place the first institute of higher education in the U.S., beginning with nine students in 1836 (History | Harvard University). I believe this to be an important step in the educational history ofRead MoreThe Language And Balanced Literacy1454 Words   |  6 PagesAdditionally, when we teach our children how to read, do they truly understand what they are reading and can they communicate to us what they have read? 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Nelson Mandela Free Essays

Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela was born in South Africa in 1918; he served as the South African President from 1994 – 1999. During his life and his presidency he not only endured many negative experiences but he also made numerous positive choices making South Africa a more harmonious country. Nelson Mandela’s personal history serves as an important piece of the puzzle. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before Nelson Mandela became president he had been sentenced to life imprisonment in which he only served 27 years. Mandela started as political activist against the apartheid. The apartheid was a time in South Africa in which white and black people were segregated and giving different rights and liberties; with black people being at a massive disadvantage. Whilst in prison Nelson Mandela used the time to study and enhance his passion in politics. This led to the most important election in South African history which was the elections of Nelson Mandela into presidency; being the first ever full democracy election. This meant that the voice of the people was heard and taken into consideration always. Nelson Mandela was an inspiration to many not just in South Africa but all over the world. His views on life showed that all are equal and took Mahatma Gandhi’s approach on life in his political reign. Nelson Mandela was an influential man because even though he was sentenced to life imprisonment and served 27 years, once he was released and elected president he did not set out to seek revenge or get back at those who persecuted him, he simply adopted reconciliation and implemented it on his everyday life and throughout South Africa. Because of this in 1993 Nelson Mandela and his successor Fredrick Whillem de Klerk received the Noble Peace Prize. He also has more than 250 awards awarded to him over 40years (four decades). Nelson Mandela is a noted figure throughout history and many historians in particular have studied and discussed the impact his reign made on South African history. How to cite Nelson Mandela, Essay examples Nelson Mandela Free Essays Nelson Mandela Free Essays In the beginning Nelson Mandela was thought to be somewhat of a pragmatist by some people. I believe that he was a man with a heart and a purpose for all of us to see not just South Africa. Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was the son of Chief Henry Mandela of Tembu Tribe. It was not until Mandela was a young man and went to Johannesburg that he experienced racism the separation between whites in blacks in South Africa this was the very thing that sparked an outrage in him. He could not believe that people where treating people this way he felt that something had to change, Mandela felt very confident and strong about this. But Mandela became angry and stubborn at times because of the way things were he was not used to this way of living. He made the decision to in roll into the University of Witwatersrand and became a lawyer. Mandela was an aggressive an dynamic lawyer he fought against the very own laws of apartheid he new that justice was blind, when he would watch judges turn the their heads to what was wrong and let whites walk free and convict blacks. He knew that this was not justice Mandela even wrote, â€Å"Law is nothing but organized force used by the ruling class to shape the social order in a way favourable to itself. † It was already conflicting enough being of color and having to carry a â€Å"pass â€Å" which was required for blacks to identify their race and area of the country. It was not permitted for blacks to travel or leave to another region with out it. Ultimately Mandela would become a member of the ANC a organization that was form in 1912 it started out as a nonviolent organization influenced by Mahatma Gandhi. Nelson Mandela became a dominant figure in the South African liberation movement he struggled in achieving freedom and equal rights even while he was thrown into jail for trying overthrow the government. After serving years behind bars this never stopped him Mr. Nelson Mandela achieved that goal by helping to end apartheid in the early 1990’s, he also became the first black president in South Africa and was able to negotiate a new constitution. This is truly having a core principle. How to cite Nelson Mandela, Papers Nelson Mandela Free Essays Nelson Mandela has earned a place among the world’s greatest leaders of the 20th century by his struggle against oppression and apartheid as well as his leading role in steering his country from minority rule to democracy. He is often ranked together with some world great leaders such as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King jr. among others. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Mandela or any similar topic only for you Order Now His contribution to the social and political freedom of his country is nothing short of exemplary. His great sacrifice in the face of personal danger has inspired millions of people worldwide. He has demonstrated that staying focused on a goal and never losing sight of it is the only way of achieving greatness. This paper critically examines the life and times of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela highlighting some of the examples of his contribution to the rise of his country and followers. Biographical Information Nelson Mandela was born in 1918. His father Henry Mandela was a cultural chief and his mother was the third wife to the older Mandela. He started school at the age of seven at the Wesleyan mission school and later Clarkbury Boarding Institute. He studied BA at the Fort Hare University where he met his friend and colleague Oliver Tambo (Johns et al, 19). After fleeing from his royal home where he had been brought up, he went to Johannesburg where he continued his BA studies at the University of South Africa (UNISA). Thereafter he joined the University of Witwatersrand where he studied law and left in 1942 after completing his degree. Nelson Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) in 1944 and after the 1948 victory of the Minority National Party, he led the ANC defiance campaign against the apartheid that segregated alongside racial lines especially against the Africans and coloreds (M Meredith, Martin, 26). In 1956 to 1961, Mandela was tried for treason but was acquitted. This freedom was short lived because Mandela had started agitating for a military arm of the ANC and co-founded Umkhomto We Sizwe (spear of the nation) abbreviated MK. As the leader of this arm of ANC, Mandela coordinated a sabotage campaign that was aimed at the military as well as government targets. Consequently he was arrested and sentenced for five years in prison. In 1963, together with other leaders of Umkhomto We Sizwe, Mandela was brought to trial for an attempt to overthrow the government by violent means. He was sentenced for life. This was the beginning of twenty seven long years as a prisoner. In 1985, President P.W. Botha extended an offer of freedom from prison on condition that Mandela renounce armed struggle. However, Mandela turned down the offer releasing a statement that received much media coverage internationally. He was released unconditionally five years later by President Frederick. W. De Klerk. In 1991, Mandela was overwhelmingly elected the president of the ANC and his old friend Oliver Tambo became the National Organizing Chairperson (M Meredith Martin, 21). The events that followed the Mandela release and his consequent rise as the president of ANC marked a major social and political transformation in South Africa that culminated in the 1994 democratic general election that saw Mandela become the first black South African president. In his five years as president Mandela adopted policy of reconciliation and negotiation that made him a most popular political figure internationally. He has won over 100 awards and is thus one of the most celebrated icons in the world today. However, his under his leadership the ANC through the Umkhomto We Sizwe and in its efforts to bring about changes in the society committed human rights violations (Sparks Allister, 48). This fact Mandela conceded and apologized. Additionally, his reign as president has been criticized as having failed to effectively address the problem of HIV and AIDS epidemic. Mandela’s Contribution From an early age, Mandela became aware of the social and political imbalances that existed in his country. He developed a keen interest in assessing ways in which he could contribute to bringing about changes in the society. He had a desire to rid society of the inequalities that characterized the apartheid rule. When he joined the ANC in 1944, his desire was to confront the apartheid policies of racial segregation a task that he undertook with zeal and consistence. During these days his contribution in creating public awareness of the evils of apartheid was significant. He prepared the people for the struggle that took a long time to bear fruits. Mandela has become a political and social model because of his undying faith as well as enduring challenges without compromising personal integrity. He for a long time represented the face of struggle against inequality not only in South Africa but also in the world. His contribution to education stems from his early realization that education was essential in creating a more knowledgeable society that would embrace change and seek opportunities that a free society could offer. Although he left Fort Hare University after only two years, his desire to continue with education was so great and so he joined the University of South Africa and later on the University of Witwatersrand. Later on during his years in prison, he continually encouraged his fellow prisoners to continue with their formal schooling. After he became president he used his position to raise funds for building schools in rural areas and was quoted as saying â€Å"education is the key for the future† (Sparks et al, 40).   His prison block became known as the Mandela University. Although Nelson Mandela had many reasons to be bitter and vengeful his ideal of justice for all, the people in South Africa was a light on his path and guided his thoughts and actions. This way, he was able to contribute to the democracy in South Africa. His struggle against oppression and against the system that made the African people slaves in their own country was instrumental in the achievement of freedom. When freedom was offered to him on condition that he forsake the ideals for which he lived by, Mandela releasing a statement through his daughter that said â€Å"What freedom am I being offered while the organization of the people remains banned? Only free people can negotiate. A prisoner cannot enter into contracts† (Nelson Mandela as quoted in Johns et al 33) His uncompromising stance became a source of hope and inspiration to his people because they saw his courage and was inspired. Mandela’s contribution to the transition from minority rule to democracy is probably one of his most outstanding deeds in the world today. His gospel of peace and reconciliation reverberates in all his messages and has earned him the title of international statesman as well as making him the recipient of 1993 Nobel Peace Price together with F.W De Klerk. Mandela’s belief on conflict resolution have served an important role in uniting South Africa at the time of need and has given the country a sense of identity. This can be seen in the way Mandela’s speech after the assassination of Chris Hani[1] prevented the blood shed that was eminent. Mandela appealed for calm in a speech that is widely quoted internationally. â€Å"Tonight I am reaching out to every single South African, black and white, from the very depths of my being. A white man, full of prejudice and hate, came to our country and committed a deed so foul that our whole nation now teeters on the brink of disaster. A white woman, of Afrikaner origin, risked her life so that we may know, and bring to justice, this assassin. The cold-blooded murder of Chris Hani has sent shock waves throughout the country and the world. †¦Now is the time for all South Africans to stand together against those who, from any quarter, wish to destroy what Chris Hani gave his life for – the freedom of all of us†. (Nelson Mandela, 54) Mandela the Leader One of the leadership qualities that are exemplified by the life and times of Nelson Mandela is sacrifice. His lengthy stay at prison where he was away from his family demonstrates the fact that his struggle was not focused on the individual but on the nation. The quality of being able to remain focused even in the face of death distinguishes Mandela the man from many leaders in the world today. He has remained steadfast to his ideals and to his people in his entire life. Mandela has through out his life demonstrated a myriad of leadership qualities including ability to listen effectively. Ability to bring together people with different opinions, open mindedness, understanding cultural differences, humility and modesty, ability to motivate and unfailing faith in a free society. These qualities were put to test when Mandela was faced with the challenge of leading the country through the transition period from apartheid to democracy. His charismatic and pleasant personality, quick wit and ability to empathize with the suffering have endeared him to the world. Mandela leaves behind a powerful legacy and a model of what exemplary leadership is all about. His devotion to the liberation of the people of South Africa both black and white has born fruits because today South Africa has made significant strides towards democracy and is a beacon of hope in the entire of Africa. It can be said that Mandela has achieved his dream of a democratic and free society, an ideal for which he lived and was prepared to die. He now stands tall as an advocate of international reconciliation. His faults and the faults of his government have been pointed out as the failure to provide leadership in addressing the problem of HIV/AIDS (Mandela, Nelson, 263). Additionally, the armed wing of ANC has been accused of human rights violations. On both counts, Mandela is quick to accept the mistakes and take responsibility for the actions. In the latter case, Mandela advised his fellow ANC leaders against denial of those accusations. He undertook different projects aimed at addressing the issue of HIV/AIDS after his term as president of South Africa in order to make up for the failure of his government (Mandela, Nelson, 301). Conclusion For a man who spent twenty seven years in prison for his ideals of a democratic and free society, Mandela comes out as a powerful and dedicated leader who is hard to fault. He began his struggle as a freedom fighter who became impatient with peaceful means of achieving peace. However, through his prison life he was transformed and became an advocate for peace through negotiation. As he states in his autobiography, he learnt to bear with his enemies and not bearing grudges for any lengthy period of time. He was very successful as a leader especially in guiding his country through transition. Although he had every reason to be vengeful and bitter, he embraced principles of reconciliation and negotiations after his release from freedom as well as in his term as President of South Africa. Works Cited: Johns, Sheridan and R. Hunt Davis, Jr. Mandela, Tambo and the ANC: The Struggle Against Apartheid. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Documentary survey. M Meredith, Martin. Nelson Mandela. A Biography. New York: St, Martin’s, 1998. Mandela, Nelson. The Struggle Is My Life. New York: Revised, Pathfinder, 1986. Originally published as a tribute on his 60th birthday in 1978. Speeches, writings, historical accounts, contributions by fellow prisoners. Mandela Nelson. Long Walk to Freedom: Macdonald Purnell (PTY) Ltd, Randburg, South Africa. Ottaway, David. Chained Together. Mandela de Klerk and the Struggle to Remake South Africa. New York: Times Books, 1993. Sparks, Allister. Tomorrow Is Another Country: The Inside Story of South Africa’s Road to Change. New York: Hill Wang, 1995. [1] Chris Hani was a senior leader in the African National Congress and was assassinated on 10th April 1993 outside his home. How to cite Nelson Mandela, Essay examples

Jesus In John Essay Example For Students

Jesus In John Essay Jesus in JohnWhen reading the gospels of the New Testament, it becomes evident that the personality of each of the authors affected their understanding, interpretation, and impression of Jesus and his works. In John, the gospel that I chose to read for this paper, Jesus is portrayed in a more godlike, omnipotent manner. This could be evidence that John was actually more awe-inspired than his other gospel-writing counterparts, or that he was simply trying to fully express the mood of the people that witnessed what was happening before their eyes. Realistically, even today with all of our â€Å"advanced technology,† people would surely be dumbfounded by the incredible works that Jesus performs in the gospels. There would be few, if any people (save scientists) that would be able to view the events described in these books and not turn to the supernatural for answers. When the language and tone of John is examined in this light, it seems more likely that given the limited technical understanding that existed 2000 years ago, this may in fact be the more historically accurate depiction of the life of Jesus, at least from a sociological perspective. As for detail of events or other minutia, this may not be the case. Either way, when added to the depiction of Jesus in the other gospels, John plays an important role in our more complete understanding of not only the life of Christ, but the immediate effects that his life had on those who came into contact with him throughout it. Religion

Hello, Essays (570 words) - Health, United States, Minnesota

Hello, My name is Mike Burcusa and I will be your chemistry teacher for at least the fall semester this year. However, since is is not appropriate to call me by my first name, you can call me Mr. Burcusa, Burcusa or just Mr. B. This will be my third year teaching at Shakopee High School, and I am super excited for this year to begin, as we are going to do a lot of really fun and cool stuff this year. Teaching was not my first career choice, but it definitely was the best one that I have made. After graduating from Carleton College in 2001 with a degree in chemistry, I immediately began my career as a synthetic organic chemist at Pfizer Inc., at the time, the largest pharmaceutical company in the world. This job forced me to move from Minnesota to Groton, Connecticut. I stayed at Pfizer for two years, but then moved back to Minnesota in 2003 when I married my wife who was at the time a graduate student in psychology at the University of Minnesota. Upon moving back to Minnesota, I became employed at a much smaller pharmaceutical company here in Minnesota called CIMA Labs. I remained at CIMA Labs for the next 6 years, where I was employed as an analytical chemist and tasked with designing techniques to be used to determine the amount of drug in a tablet and to determine that the medicine in question operated exactly as it was intended to. After 6 years, I decided to go back to graduate school and enrolled in a Ph. D. program in the pharmaceutics department. As a graduate student, I studied physical chemistry and investigated the how pH (amount of acid or base) changes due to freezing a solution of drug dissolved in water as the temperature of the solution changes from room temperature to very low temperatures in which the water has been frozen. About 3 years into the program, I realized that my passion was not to work in the pharmaceutical field, but to work in education, so in about 2012, I decided, to leave graduate school with a master's degree and train to become licensed to teach high school chemistry. During this training, I completed two student teaching experiences at a Minneapolis-area middle school and then at South High School in Minneapolis. I do have interests that extend past chemistry. As you will hear throughout the school year, I am an avid fisherman in both open water as well as when the lake freezes. I generally fish for bass in the spring summer and fall, but will switch to fishing for walleye and lake trout when the lakes are covered with ice. I also enjoy following the local sports teams where I am most interested in the Twins, Vikings, Timberwolves and Gopher basketball and football. I also am roped into three fantasy football teams per year and tend to do fairly well in these leagues. This summer, I took my 4-year-old daughter, Rose, out of daycare and spent most of my time with her camping, fishing, gardening and watching various princess' movies. Rose, my wife and I also went on a 2-week road trip to five national parks including Glacier. I look forward to hearing from all of you giving me some of your background as we prepare to learn chemistry together this year!

Women in American Society

Women in American Society Origin of American feminism The abolitionism ideology, that all human beings have the moral authority of control over their bodies roots the origin of the feminism in America in 1830s. â€Å"Abolitionism was a movement formed to ensure the bringing of slavery to a dead end† (Linder 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During the movement, women participated and enormously played pragmatic roles. Consequently, women realized their potentiality to free themselves from gender focused discrimination. As matter of urgency, the birth of women movements took place. One of the feminist campaigners, Abbie Kelley who lived in 1810 to 1887, noted that, â€Å"we have good cause to be grateful to the slave, for the benefit we have received to ourselves, in working for him. In striving to strike his irons off, we found most surely that we were manacled ourselvesâ₠¬  (Ellen, Lynn 25). Some of the women during the 1830s movement discovered the religious inspirations that denied them equal public activity rights but rather conferred impeccable similar rights to their male counterparts, had only the effects of serving as subtle breeding grounds for gender prejudices. The religious principles seemed pegged on natural rights shrouded with individualistic ideologies so designed to confer benefit to the males only. Through the feminists movements fights to bring to an end gender based discriminations, â€Å"Angelina Grimke (1805-1879), Sarah Grimke (1792-1873), and Abbie Kelley became the first women in America to do lecture tours before audiences that included men† (Ellen, and Lynn 59). However, they received a lot of caution not to incorporate women rights into their speeches. In 1838 Angelina Grimke, got an opportunity to speak before a legislative body of America, where she criticized the conditions under which their rights seemed deemed to hold: subject to dominance of men’s rights first. Grimke sisters set out the ways that enabled the feminists who followed them to thrive by dismantling social taboos that facilitated growth of prejudice against women. The central concern of feminism is that women stand out as oppressed or alternatively placed at a lesser advantage compared to men.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The other pillar that anchors concerns of women stipulates them as being treated in unjustified manner that makes the oppression and discrimination illegitimate. Late 19th century during the time Grimke sisters and other feminists who actively participated in the initial fights for women rights, 2nd world war period, post 2nd world war period from early 1950s to the late 1980s, and early 1990s period formed epochal moments in the history of women rights. During these periods, rights of women have evolved from one stage to another and finally into the status where rules of nature are perceived to endow both men and women with equal rights. Three waves conceptual frame work of feminism The first wave: 19th to 20th century, addresses women and girls educational rights, conditions under which women work and voting rights issues. Predominantly, the wave sort to address issues such extinction of slavery and disproportionate moderation. Groups objected to averse rapid change: made of Christian groups that included â€Å"Francis Willard and the women temperance Christian union, and others resembling the diversity and radicalism of much of the second wave† (Kerber 59), constituted the major groups that were the champions of the first wave. The wave ended when women were constitutionally conferred voting rights upon the amendment of the US constitution in 1919. Inequality of Laws, societal roles and differences in culture between women and men got their attention in the s econd wave, which existed in 1960s to 1980s. Second wavers hassled to bring to an end the gender-based discrimination as opposed to their predecessors who were much concerned with absolute rights (Sargent Para. 3). The third wave: born in early 1990s, though intertwined with the second wave concepts, reflect replication of the second wave agendas alongside feedback from prior waves’ failures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Women in American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Essentially, the third wave seeks clarity on terms that dominate feminism debates to realize equality in applicability to all women irrespective of class or races. The wave constitutes the making of encounters of micro politically instigated debates emanating from the differences in application of definitions of femininity terms. Some feminists think that in determining the things considered as good for women generally did not inco rporate factors such as social classes and race into the function. The arguments points at attributing general definition of things right for women being applicable to the experiences of women belonging to the higher class or white women. Roles of war, labor and economy Civil war gave feminism movements in US a major boost. The position of the women in the society changed drastically and permitted them to participate in paid for work in addition to their house chores. Need to set up ammunition industries rose. Given the labor requirements in the industries, the norms that allowed men only to work in the factories had to face a change. In an attempt to end slavery, women devoted themselves to support the civil war with a consequence of amicable benefit in reduction of legal discrimination of women. In 1800, legal incapacitation of women dwindled. Better recognition of women’s capacity to manage and control property got a dossier in 1809 upon their receiving of their ability to make legally binding relationships: the ability to make a will. In 1940s, Second World War saw some 300,000 American women serving the military in full military uniform. War had adverse effects on the economy. Therefore, the phrase â€Å"no tax without representation† (Kerber 29) had to be paraphrased to permit the government to collect taxes from women. Feminist’s movements, as a result, took advantage of the economic situation to portray their concerns eloquently. Race and Class When the civil war came to a halt, feminists seemed torn into two parts, instead of focusing on claiming for more women rights in general, their debates across all states adopted initiatives to seek statutory rights for the blacks.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The struggle saw the US population voting rights not discriminated on the bases of â€Å"race, color, or previous condition of servitude† (Ellen, and Lynn 69). Some critics regarded the rights for the blacks so attained, as harsh and framed in a manner discordant with the rights of the women. Injustices in conferring rights to blacks only affect women in particular upon denying the rights only to black women. Class resulted to some women believing that men cheated on when perceived to enjoy some rights while in actual sense they do not. They therefore believe that some rights are a preserve of women belonging to some privileged class of women. The Point of Disagreement The unity of women’s fight for better-balanced habitat characterized by equality between men and women, received a major drawback when Individualism started stemming in. Ellen and Lynn note that â€Å"while the mainstream feminism concentrated on suffrage, more radical feminists looked elsewhere for pro gress† (105). The disintegrated views amongst feminists prompted varying responses to the various groups. Generally, feminists do not strike a common understanding on the constituents of sexism and the precise strategies required in dealing with it. The question of what being a man or a woman means, the political and social repercussions and economics effects of gender prejudices attracts conflicting answers from different feminists. Ellen, Dubois, and Lynn, Dumenil. Through Women’s Eyes: An American History With  Documents. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2008. Kerber, Linder. Women’s America: Refocusing the Past. New York, Oxford: Oxford  University Press, 2004. Sargent, Judith. History of Feminism, 2010. Web.  womenshistory.about.com//feminism/Famous_Feminists_and_the_History_of_Feminism.htm

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms Essay

How does globalisation impact on the management of Chinese firms - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the Chinese society is generally considered to be guided by traditional norms and values. The Chinese business culture is unique, traditional and conservative by nature. Chinese business culture is large influenced by the ‘guanxi’ system. According to this system, ‘special relationships’ are given exceptional preference for establishing business connections. Therefore, very close relationships (such as family relationships) receive special attention in the business world, while the level of importance declines with distance in the relationship among networking individuals. However, the business environment is changing fast at the global level and the Chinese business culture is also changing fast along with the changing pattern of global business. Before the economic crisis of 2008, China’s economy grew at the rate of more than 11 percent. In this context, it is imperative to identify the key thrust tha t gears up the economy. In China, there are three types of firms; large private-owned firms, large state-owned firms and small family-run (private owned) firms operating inside and outside the Chinese border. Globalization has cast a significant effect on the economic activities of the Chinese economy. The biggest trend can be noticed in the form of international expansion of the small privately owned Chinese firms. Globalization is the intricate concept that covers a vast area including the economy, business, financial structure, culture and society and overall development of the small and large business corporations. It is the result of intensified of global networks that improve interconnectedness among the different economic agents and within the sectors. Since the effect of globalization is varied, it casts different effects on the different sectors of the economy. Hence any singular aspect of globalization cannot describe this gigantic phenomenon. Through globalization, intera ction takes place among diverse communities that leads to exchange of cultural and commercial attributes. Domestic cultures and businesses of the emerging economies evolve, adapt and modernize along with the incoming flow of foreign culture and practices. Six different aspects of globalization can be identified through in-depth study of the characteristics of the Chinese economy and business activities. These aspects are mentioned below: Faster rate of capital and information flow Improvement in modes of interaction and intensification of different connections Expansion and extension of cultural, social and political practices Greater level of interdependence between the global and local landscapes Greater effect of the western culture and practices on emerging economies of the developing countries Customisation of foreign ideas according to values embedded in domestic economies All these factors affect the small privately owned family businesses in China. The major benefits receive d by small firms as a result of globalization are increased technological knowledge, better ways of production and cheaper products. Rate of flow of capital and information, labour and goods has increased as a result of globalization. This is because, under globalization, channels of communication have increased and have become highly advanced.

Intercultural communication class- Intercultural learning report Essay

Intercultural communication class- Intercultural learning report - Essay Example Apparently, proficiency in the host culture language is a prerequisite for any intercultural communication. The theory seeks to establish whether unique attributes or group memberships define individuals from an individual culture (Communication for Governance & Accountability Program 1). Moreover, the theory explores whether individual achievement and gratification are more important than unity a cultural group. Apparently, collectivism culture is more useful than the individualism culture as seen in international universities where international students from China record higher grades compared to American students. The theory has developed my knowledge on cultural diversity where I have been interacting with people from different cultures with the aim of understanding such cultures and borrowing the best cultural values. The theory compares minimum status differences with the preference for strict social hierarchies (Communication for Governance & Accountability Program 1). It relates to the acceptance of unequal distribution of power by the less powerful (The Hofstede Centre 1). The theory was significant in my project since it helped me to understand the powerful effect of Thailand culture on communication (College of Marin 1). For example, I established that Thailand people respect their King. Indeed, my Thailand project investigated the degree to which Thailand people consider themselves masculine or feminine. Thailand depicts a feminine society that respects women and allows them to work for a living (The Hofstede Centre 1). Cultural shock is very popular among international students who experience the American culture for the first time. The cultural shock relates to the immediate need for knowledge of American culture and English proficiency. However, I started to understand the new cultures since I wanted to belong to the environment. I established the good and bad things about the American and Thailand culture that

Core concepts in ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Core concepts in ethics - Essay Example There will be some practical examples which will be used to illustrate each point in order to come up with conclusions on the relative strength of each idea. Deontology V Teleology Deontology is derived from a Greek word, 'deon' which means 'duty' (Morrison, 2009 p18). As a concept in ethics, deontology is a lense through which the need to do good or the right thing can be defined. Deontology suggests that the obligation to do what is right is our duty (Lipert-Rasmussen, 2005 p15). This means that ever human being must do what has right as a matter of responsibility and not as some kind of effort to go beyond normal. What is right is a duty and everyone has to do it. On the other hand, teleology is based on the premise that â€Å"what determines rightness or wrongness is solely on the basis of the estimated outcome of the act itself† (Hitchcock et al, 2009 p142). In other words, teleology suggests that the results of a person's actions determine whether those actions are right or wrong. This means that under teleology, actions are not wrong in themselves, but their outcome is what makes them right or wrong. The supporters of the school of thought of teleology argue with the popular phrase 'the end justifies the means' (Peil, 2009 p77). On further analysis, it can be said that deontology involves a set of universal and absolute rules that people ought to follow at all costs. However, teleology involves judging actions on the basis of their outcomes rather than a set of ideal standards. In terms of similarities, the two concepts are meant to define what is right and what should guide us to measure actions (Dyer, 1988 p51). In other words, they are both interested in finding a justification of morality or the role that morality plays in the human society. Thus, for instance, we all know that lying is wrong. But what makes lying wrong? That is what both concepts attempt to answer. However, the departure point in the two concepts lies in the fact that each of the concepts provides a different explanation for each concept. Whereas deontology argues for universal and absolute concepts with two extremes either right or wrong and no in-between, teleology states that something might not be right but the end might justify it as a good thing and vice versa (Maness, 2007 p8). Using the example of lying, supporters of deontology would say that lying is wrong. The reason for telling the lie can never negate this effect. So irrespective of the reason for telling the lie, a person is guilty. On the other hand, teleology states that lying might not be right. However, there are some situations where a lie can be justified by what it brings to the world. Thus for instance we can examine the case of a married man with a sensitive position in society and teenage children who has one casual affair with another woman not his wife. If this man comes to his senses after the affair and comes to a consensual agreement with the woman he cheated with that they should not see each other again and he prepares to change his ways and a small piece of evidence comes up and he is questioned by his wife or social group, he might have two options. Option 1 will be to confess to his wife or social group and ask for forgiveness [absolutism, universalism and deontology: BECAUSE IT IS WRONG TO LIE]. Option 2 might be to weigh the consequences of telling the truth and then decide to lie if the lie will bring bigger gains to the stakeholders involved [relativism, utilitarianism and teleology] Each of the

A Review of Chuck Jones Duck Amuck

A Review of Chuck Jones Duck Amuck Chuck Jones Duck Amuck. Cartoons all across the Hollywood Studios at this time resembled those of Disney, with their connection of editing and using an accelerating gag structure in their narrative. But with these cartoons being considered as a comic fantasy genre, animators could experiment with the medium. Warner Bros. were a big believer in this, creating situations where their cartoon characters would talk to the audience or refer to the animator or studio executives. These cartoons compared to Disney were very different, the action was often more violent and faster paced, changing the situations regularly. Chuck Jones reached past expectation with his cartoons, extending the limits and shocking the audience. One of the greats being Duck Amuck where he used every bone in his body to create which is now known as one of the master pieces of animation, using every element to create a 7minute film just using Daffy and the unseen animator. By using these elements he was able to manipulate Daffy in any situat ion, creating an expectancy with the audience that anything could happen next. Duck Amuck, a cartoon subject to its own deconstruction. The cartoons conventions are constantly challenged, using the colour, costume, sound scenery and all the essential elements need to create the cartoon, often without the awareness of the audience. Daffys first appearance as a musketeer, a cavalier waving his sword around with such confidence soon realises he has been betrayed by the animator, that the background of the scene has disappeared and he as well as the audience is left uncertain to the context we were accustomed to. Daffy rapidly drops character and addresses the camera, reacting in a rather professional way as if he were a part of any live-action movie and enthusiastically pushes the animator to carry on. A farmyard scene is drawn, although not what Daffy was expecting, he continues on, changing to suit the scene. But once again as hes just about adjusted to the scene, an arctic layout is displayed in the background. Throughout the piece there is a constant battle be tween foreground and background, and above all the relationship between the character and the forever changing environmental context. All of Daffys actions are dominated by his reaction to the area he occupies. Tensions like these help the basic structure of narrative in most cartoons. With all the changes, Daffys main thought is for the animator to make up his mind. By using Daffys body, each environment is shown through a number of iconic cultural illustrations the dungarees and the straw hat in the farmyard scene, the grass skirt and banjo in the Hawaiian setting. While the white space is defined as the empty context of the cartoon, although there is unlimited space, Daffys sense of awareness becomes isolated and helpless. To make things worse he is then erased from the page, where all that remains is his voice. Chuck Jones intensions when he created his characters where for them to be recognized in any situation, to exist as a body without a voice, or a voice without a body. Es pecially in this scene, a programmed perception of Daffy as a character is known, where he can be understood by any of his parts. Perhaps, the only element the animator is unable to get rid of is Daffys personality. If this was to be taken, the cartoon would no longer be a Daffy Duck picture. Even though, the elements are frequently altering and manipulated, the audience is still able to recognise its a Daffy cartoon. Daffy is shown as eager to please and entertain, but is easily provoked and angered by any slight change, and to top it off has a rather obsessive behaviour, especially if he doesnt get his way. Duck Amuck shows all his traits as a character through the use of his body and actions, using the limitation of any control Daffy thought he had. As the viewer it is easy to watch an animation and forget the effort applied to design the background scenery. its almost insignificant. Are attention is continuously on the characters and their actions. Duck Amuck reminds us that the re is more then what meets the eye, and in this case on the screen and only by eliminating the background, can we realize and appreciate this. Daffy is endlessly alienated, trying to keep his image and self-respect, but contradicts himself by constantly losing his temper. As soon as Daffy is repainted back on the screen as a cowboy with a guitar, we as the audience establish music will be played or daffy will sing. Daffy modestly opens his mouth and strums the guitar, but with the shock on his face acknowledges there is no sound. He holds up a small sign saying Sound Please. As the audience we are drawn to the fact that anything could happen, and Daffy would not be expecting it. He snobbishly goes to strum the guitar, to find it creates the sound of a machine gun, then a horn and a donkey. The use of mismatching image and sound, is yet another comedic element used within this film, helping create a sense of alienation towards Daffy, with every action he is restricted by the animators command. He breaks the guitar with frustration, and tries plea to the animator, to discover he has been given the voice of chicken and a few o ther different birds. After many attempts he slowly loses his will, so with one last try he endeavours to speak, but at an extreme volume his voice returns. Embarrassed, Daffy is once again revealed helpless to the animator. Daffys traits are explicitly shown, especially his willingness. He stresses for a scenery and colour, but is given a child like drawing background, and is painted in many colours and patterns. This is followed by a mini tantrum by Daffy. Daffy is constantly challenged by the world around him, but his reactions to the events increase the likely hood of the next action made by the animator. If he was not such a drama queen and self absorbed, the constant bad luck happening would most likely be lowered. But clearly, the circumstance of the cartoon remains issued to the desire of the animator. These series of occurrences only cause added anticipation from the spectators who want to further witness the amount of knockbacks the character can take. Chuck Jones gives Da ffy centre stage, but at the same time controls every part of him during the animation, meanwhile breaking the fourth wall and highlighting the construction of the animations art form. With a simple idea of concept of fate, the audience are able to gather a small meaning from the piece that no matter what life throws at you, one should adjust and accept what nature has planned for you, instead of find fault. Throughout the whole animation, whatever Daffys expectations are or wishes to receive, he is given the complete opposite. Several times he tries to take control of the situation, to find himself being manipulated even more, but at the same time the audience are able to witness his anger levels rising. A great example of this is when he finds himself on a small deserted island in the distance, he calls for a close up, which the audience can hardly hear. But instead of receiving the camera to come closer, the frame of the screen shrinks to frame him, Daffys first response is quite sarcastic but soon explodes with frustration. The camera quickly zooms in to reveal just Daffys aggravated eyes. Daffy tries to gain an understanding between himself and the animator, but he is soon interrupted by a black material weighing him down, eventually tearing up the screen. He then returns to suggesting the cartoon should begin even though it has already been running for several minutes. Throughout t he piece Daffy continuously tries to regain his strength and control, but time and time again he is interrupted by some kind of gag narrative. Daffy is soon appointed as a pilot, but this is purely to launch a series of gags, including an off screen air crash, the fall, his parachute turning into a weight, the explosion of the weight which becomes a bomb. At this point Daffy is left helpless, a loss of all control, but with one finally attempt to regain some dignity, he demands to know Who is responsible for all of this? I demand that you show yourself! The enclosed boarder that the audience is now accustomed to is broken as the camera pulls away to reveal the animator Bugs Bunny. The whole piece is a series of independent gags, no relevance to one another except to torment Daffy. But with such shock and surprise to the biggest gag of all, that it was his arch-enemy Bugs Bunny who was the master mind the entire time. Chuck Jones great skill was creating a comic suspense, planting a joke and letting the audience wait for the evitable outcome. By doing this, it created a build up for laughter, the fulfilment of a gag. Duck Amuck demonstrates this immensely, practically every rest point in the animation is the start of a gag. While Daffy is reassuring himself possibly after a gag, he is yet unaware of the next gag about to begin. Real life elements are incorporated throughout Duck Amuck, from film strips, to paint brushes, to erasers, used to manipulate the characters environment and appearance. But these are all cleverly used to show the interactivity between the creation and the creator. Elements like these create another dimension to the story, that we as the audience, to an extent can believe we are with the animator as they makes their decisions. Characters like Bugs Bunny and Daffy were wise cracking cynics rather than innocent altruists like Mickey Mouse. But although the Warner Brother characters are similar this animation wouldnt have worked with anyone else except Daffy. His loss of control and humiliation is what creates the piece, his frantic ways, and his self pity of being unable to negotiate, or come to terms with the higher power destroys Daffy leaving him speechless, and in the end becomes more of a subject defined by a gaga. The animators at Warner Brothers experimented over many years tryin g to push to the extreme, but perhaps none were so extreme as Duck Amuck, although it was made within the Hollywood system, the sense of it almost feels more experimental film, with the request to the audience to be a part of the exploration of techniques in the cel animation. Olivia Farrar References Furniss, M. (2005). Chuck Jones: Converstations. United States: University Press of Mississippi. Jones, C. (1999). Chuck Amuck: The Life and Times of an Animated Cartoonist. United States: Farrar Starus Giroux. Kenner, H. (1994). Chuck Jones: A flurry of Drawings, Protraits of American Genius. United States: University of California Press. Klein, N.M. (1996). Seven Minutes: Life and Death of the American Animated Cartoon. United Kingdom: Verso Books. Wells, P. (1998). Understand Animation. United Kingdom: Routledge.

Death Of A Salesman :: essays research papers

In the first B.C dramatist known as Aristotle started to write a series of plays called the tragedies. They were as follows: the play revolved around a great man, such as a king or war hero, who had a tragic flaw. This flaw would eventually become his downfall and he would fall from his glory. In the case of obvious it was his hubris; and Oedipus, his pride and curiosity. Through out the play the hero has many opportunities to overcome his mistakes. On the other side, the reason that his nature he sarcomas to it and deals with a sever punishment. Even though these types of plays are still written today most authors have varied their loom of writing a tragedy. An example is Author Miller. He attempts to illustrate the misfortune in the common man; he shows this in â€Å"Death to a Salesman.† According to Arthur Miller, "the tragic feeling is evoked in us when we are in the presence of a character who ready to put his life aside, if necessary, to secure one thing - his sense of personal dignity." (Tragedy and the Common Man p.1) He is saying in this quotation is that even that the common man can even be tragic because occasionally the one thing that she prizes the most, his sense of self-dignity, can be so jaded that he will sacrifice his own life to secure this dignity. In â€Å"Death to a Salesman†, Arthur Miller successfully shows that you do not have to be someone important or king to show that. The classical model of a tragedy is that of someone of a high position contains superior qualities such as leadership for instance a king. However the hero always has a flaw, which may be an excess of one of these qualities such as hubris. This hero while trying to accomplish a goal such as a quest will eventually be dealt punishment, which is usually death. One could argue that not only Aristotle’s definition of tragedy is true but that there can be many different kinds of tragedies. From the tragedy of a common man to that of a family or group of people. In opposition to Aristotle's view one could argue that any type of man could show tragic qualities, no matter what social environment the man comes from. The hero could range from a highly intellectual and educated man with great potential but whose flaw is lack of motivation, to a crack addict living on the street who refuses to enter rehab. The fate of people such as this might not be as appalling as death; however may be economic failure or social rejection.

José Rizal’s University Years Essay

Fortunately, Rizal’s first romance, with its bitter disillusionment,did not adversely affect his studies in the University of Santo Tomas.His love for higher education proved to be greater than his love for apretty girl. After finishing the first year of the course in Philosophy andLetters (1877-780), he transferred to a medical course. During theyear of his studies in the university, which was under the Dominicans,rival education of the Jusuits, he remained loyal to Ateneo, where hecontinued to participate in extra curricular activities and where hecompleted the education course in surveying. As a Thomasian, he wonmore literary laurels, had more romances with girls, and foughtagainst Spanish students. Mother’s position to higher education. After graduation withthe highest position in Ateneo, Rizal had to go the University of Santo Tomas in order to prepare him self to a private career. The Bachelor of arts degree during Spanish times was equivalent to a high schooldiploma today. It merely qualified its holder to enter a university. BothDon Francisco and Paciano that Jose should pursue a higher learning.But Dona Teodora did not want him to study more. Evidently she had apremonition that to much knowledge would imperil his child life.In a family council in the Rizal’s home in Calamba, shevigorously objected to have her beloved Jose acquired a highereducation. She was thinking of the safety of her son. She know thefate of Filipino intellectuals-Father Burgos, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,Jose Ma. Basa, and others of 1872-who were either executed or exiledby the Spanish authorities, and blamed their sad fate to their learning.

Genetically Modified Organisms

Some people might ask why agriculture is so important, or why it would matter to me? Well there are many reasons why it matters; it matters because farming is what built this country. We are going to go over a few main points including feeding, livestock, tractors, and equipment. Farming is also very important because it is what feeds the people everywhere; they grow the food that you see every day.In bread and cereal there is wheat which is mostly grown down in Kansas. Wheat is found in any different products like flour, bread, crackers, and anything with whole grain. Crops like these including corn and soybeans contribute too many things that make what are food is today. Corn helps with ethanol, corn starch, flour, and high fructose corn syrup. Soy beans help with oil; like vegetable oil and the grease in the fryers they use in fast food restaurants. Speaking of restaurants, you can't have a restaurant without beef or pork.The cattle industry has been on a rise for a long time, bee f is all your hamburgers, steaks, and roasts you have come to know and love to eat. The pork industry has been on the rise from what it has been. A couple of years ago it took a major drop, my dad had to sell his hogs because they weren't worth it. They would cost more to feed then the money you get back from selling them at the sale barn. This was Just one business that almost went broke from having hogs, Nebraska Pork Producers went broke a few years ago and two big businesses bought them.Those business are Pilled Family Farms and The Masochism, they both have over a 100,000 hogs. That's a lot of pork! You may not know and this may take you by surprise was all hose things are connected to each other. The corn, soybeans, beef, and pork all connected together because the farmer grows the corn and soybeans and takes some of it to COOP and puts the rest of the bin and feeds it to his livestock so they can gain weight and take them to the sale barn and sell them.There has been much adv ancement in raising livestock. People think that livestock is Just for food; well it helps in the medical field to. It helps in the medical field because they use pig skin for skin grafts, they use their organs in insulin. They also use their hide for anything leather, rugs, and mats. Their hooves and horns help to make combs and brushes; and even the poop of the cows, pigs, horses, and whatever else there is, they don't go to waste.Farmers use their poop to spread manure on their fields and pastures so their grass in the pastures and the crops in the field can get more nitrogen. That way the crops can grow more and be healthier. Feeding and breeding livestock has become well planned and they can be on a strict diet so they can put out nice healthy calves and so the cow doesn't have problems giving birth. When feeding calves and cows you can give them rations of feed, like for a couple says you give a pen of 150 calves bosses of feed and then you give them more the next day so they have bosses of feed.The reason they get more feed is because they're Just like kids, when they grow more they eat more. Breeding livestock has had many advancements including selective breeding, which is when you take your best male and your best female and you have them mate, so they can put a nice, strong, and healthy baby. There has also been changes in the genes of cattle. A while ago they made pure bred red Angus, and if you don't know Angus cattle are all black. There also is a black Hereford, and regular Hereford re red and white.They have also messed around with Hereford genes because they had white around their eyes which means they can get cancer of the eye and blind really easily, but they have made it so that they can put red around their eyes so that doesn't happen. Hereford usually have horns, but people have found out that they can kill you, or they can get their heads stuck really easily and when they get stuck they panic, and break their necks trying to get out, but that's changed because they have made it so you can get them without horns, they are called polled Hereford. Artificial Insemination is another form of breeding cattle.You can do it and not even have a bull, you can buy them off of people who get the semen from their bulls and sell them. It is Just like how they inseminate people; they take a rod with semen and put it in the cow's vagina. That semen contains the characteristics of that bull you bought it from, you want to buy the semen from a bull that is strong, big, and has the features you want the calf to have. The bull has specific birth weights for the calves they can have, like if the bull's birth weight is supposed to be boss-boss then that is hat the calf is supposed to weigh.You pay for the bull you want, if you buy a cheap one then it is most likely the bull won't have a very good birth weight. It also depends on the mom, it depends how big her pelvic is, and if the calf is too big it can hurt her by getting stuck and no t being able to go through, and then you have to do a C- section on the cow, it also hurts her in general and can pull her vagina inside out, or a vaginal prolapsed. Then if that happens you have to call the veterinary to put it the vagina back in and sow it up.After the calf they have gets fat enough to sell they well o to the slaughterhouse. At the slaughterhouse the cattle go through a pre- inspection and if the cattle pass the inspection they get to be slaughtered. How they kill it, is they take a gun powered by air, and it has a small metal rod that it shoots in the brain and pulls back out. It kills them instantly and is painless. Then they get hung upside down and their main artery cut so they bleed out, then they get skinned and they start cutting them up and taking out the meat.Speaking of cattle and slaughtering them, the person who feeds the cattle needs a feed wagon to do it and other equipment. There have been numerous advantages in feed wagons. The first feed wagons ma de where Just chains that brought the feed up and out of a spout. The first feed wagons were also very small, like the Kelly-Ryan feed wagon was their fifth. Manure spreader with a few modifications. Then they started making bigger feed wagons and with augers that mix the feed.That way you're not Just feeding silage in one spot and hay in the other, you feed it all equally. Cattle feeding have become almost a science, because now people feed them minerals and weight boosters so they grow faster. Cattle can also gain weight faster if they put implants in their ear, implants are small pellets that you put under the skin of the ear and they help to gain weight faster. Feed wagons now have orbit motors that run everything, the spout going up and down, the chains or augers running the feed out, vertical beaters, and the 3 or 4 auger mixer.In feed wagons with augers, the augers spin in a way to bring the feed forward and down to the spout and then the chains or augers take the feed out. A farmer's equipment is Just as important as he is, without his farm equipment he wouldn't be able to do anything. He wouldn't be able to disk, plant, feed, and anything else that needs to be done with a tractor. With equipment there has been many advantages made with making them more accurate, larger, and being more efficient.A planter used to be very simple, you put the seed in the box and the wheels turn, dropping the seed and a disk blade would push it into the ground. Now they have GAPS so it's straight, maybe a couple inches off, they also have it on air systems which uses air to push the seed in the ground and they have it so you don't have to disk before, it's called no-till. Planters have also put tanks on them and on the tractors that are filled with nitrogen and certain herbicides and pesticides. They spray out the back right on top of the dirt where the seed is so it can soak into the seed.Manure spreaders have had numerous advances from what they used to be. They used to be boxes with a chain that drags across the floor to take the manure back to a cylinder with teeth that throws it across the ground. Manure spreaders today have gotten much bigger; some can hold up to 42 tons of manure. There are two types of manure spreaders, one type has 2 horizontal beaters, and the other has 2 vertical eaters, but they both have a door that comes down in front of the beaters so no manure can fall out or push against the beaters and get them Jammed.The horizontal beaters go side to side and are run by orbit motors and they flop the manure out the back so that way you can haul frozen manure in the winter without ruining your beaters and motors. With vertical beaters they are run by orbit motors to, but they can't have frozen chunks, cement block, or anything hard go through the beaters because they are closer together and they explode the manure out the back really far. They both have a big door in the back that is run by hydraulics. The chain that drags the manu re to the back is run by 2 orbit motors on each side.There have been many advances in agricultural equipment including tractors. Tractors used to be steam powered, and now they are run by diesel. Tractors have been advanced in and outside the tractor, tractors have cabs and the cabs have become more fancy then Just a seat, steering wheel, and levers. They now have climate control, heated and cooled seats, they have air ride seats and air ride cabs, and everything is electronic, like the hydraulics, throttle, gear shifter, and all the seat controls.Tractors have also advanced in horsepower, older tractors used to be like 40-80 horsepower and now they have tractors with over 600 horsepower. They have gotten so big because they need that horsepower to pull the equipment because they have gotten bigger too so farmers can farm more and get more done. Tractors have little seats in them for people that are called buddy seats with mini fridges underneath them but they aren't supposed to hav e people with you in the tractor so they are called instructor seats.You can put GAPS on your tractors so you can plant straight and the have made it so you can use GAPS on your cultivators to. Tractors have 3-points on the back which are Just 2 bars that have holes in the end and you back up to a cultivator or another piece of equipment and you slide a pin through both. Then there is a top one and it is the same as the bottom 2. Tractors now have quick hitches which allows you to Just back up to the equipment and pull up 2 levers on each side and when you are lined up with hole that has a pin through it you pick it up and it is a hook that catches the pin and then you can flip the levers down.They have also made it that the top bar is hydraulic so that you don't have to leave the cab. It allows you to move the quick hitch so it is facing up or down if your piece of equipment is facing up or down. Tractors have also become more fuel efficient too. Now in tractors they have your fuel , oil pressure, and all your other gauges on the dash or up along the corner of the cab. It also shows you how much fuel you are burning in an hour; they also have powerhouses and COW transmissions.A powerhouse lets you go through all the gears without ever touching the clutch. A COW is like that but there is no shifting. If I had to pick one it would be the tried and true powerhouse. The powerhouse is so much better and I'm speaking from personal experience, Joe Beck once rented a 300 horsepower Challenger with front wheel assist tractor because he needed a new tractor and so he demoed that one and when it was pulling a 22 foot disk the transmission couldn't take it and it sheared the transmission.So after the people came out and got it we hooked up a Case 8930 Magnum, which has 150 horsepower and is 2-wheel drive, pulled the disk with ease through the field. Balers have become more advanced over the years. They used to just pick up the hay with a chain and Just roll it into a litt le bale that is about Ft long ND is rolled up like a Tornado from Pump and Pantry. They also have square bales that make them into little squares and they have also made big square balers that make bales into big squares.Other balers would be like loafers and they pick up the hay and put them into loaves like bread, there is also Just the regular round baler that pickups the hay and makes it into a round bale. They have monitors in them that tell you how wet the bale is, how big it is, when you are supposed to let it out the back, when to close the back, when you're out of mesh wrap, and when there is something wrong. Combines have made many changes over the years. They came from people Just picking the crop by hand to driving and picking 24 rows at a time.Combines used to not have a cab on them, then they put them on since it would get dusty and hard to breathe, you could have gotten dust pneumonia, and other lung problems. They started putting heaters and air conditioners in them and then nicer seats, and now they have cooled and heated seats, dashes that tell you what the moisture is, like how wet the corn or beans are, and they have switches for lifting up the head or lowering it instead of levers. There are many other pieces of equipment that is involved in agriculture including pickups and semis.There are many pickups out there from many different countries, but the American made pickups are Ford, GM, and Dodge. Ford was the first company to have an assembly line, they paved the way to mass production of different products. The Ford F-series have been the number one best-selling in the US for the past 30 some years. Ford was the first to put diesels in their % ton pickups. They had International build them the 6. 9 liter diesel that had 200 horsepower and non-turbo.

How to Use the PHP Is_Numeric() Function

How to Use the PHP Is_Numeric() Function The is_numeric() function in the  PHP programming language is used to evaluate whether a value is a number or numeric string. Numeric strings contain any number of digits, optional signs such as or -, an optional decimal, and an optional exponential. Therefore, 234.5e6 is a valid numeric string. Binary notation and hexadecimal notation are not allowed.   The  is_numeric()  function can be used within an if() statement to treat numbers in one way and non-numbers in another. It returns true or false. Examples of the Is_Numeric() Function For example: ?php if (is_numeric(887)) { echo Yes; } else { echo No; } ? Because 887 is a number, this echos Yes. However: ?php if (is_numeric(cake)) { echo Yes; } else { echo No; } ? Because cake is not a number, this echos No. Similar Functions A similar function, ctype-digit(), also checks for numeric characters, but only for digits- no optional signs, decimals, or exponents allowed. Every character in the string text must be a decimal digit for the return to be true. Otherwise, the function  returns false. Other similar functions include: is_null() – Finds whether a variable is NULLis_float() – Finds whether the type of a variable is floatis_int() – Find whether the type of a variable is integeris_string() – Find whether the type of a variable is stringis_object() – Finds whether a variable is an objectis_array() – Finds whether a variable is an arrayis_bool()  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Finds out whether a variable is a boolean About PHP PHP is an abbreviation for Hypertext Preprocessor. It is an open-source HTML-friendly scripting language that is  used by website owners to write dynamically generated pages. The code is executed on the server and generates HTML, which is then sent to the client. PHP is a popular server-side language that can be deployed on almost every operating system and platform.

Book report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Book report - Essay Example He is, therefore, involved in trading of players betting the rise in transfer value. Mendes target for his trading of players is seeking to attract Euro. 85m (pounds. 67m) from investors beyond boundaries companies to buy stakes in Spain and Portugal (Conn, para1). From an economical perspective, Mendes is a critical entrepreneur. This is because he seeks and signs excellent players; producing excellent results as per a given football team. This, therefore, means that he is responsible for the production of a demand curve. The way Mendes does this is by convincing the players to sign up with him is incredible. This triggers the question, ‘Is Jorge Mendes the most powerful man in football?’ This paper seeks to review on leadership and economics in the football world in relation to effective football management. Mendes and his company name became famous over deals done involving Portugal’s top three clubs of which he managed to earn some multi-millions of pounds to England and Spain. The guardian sport reports that Mendes work as excellent achieved this summer following biggest moves of talent and money covering the whole European football transfer market (Conn, para3). From this report, it is evident that Mendes not only critically studies the activities of marker intermediaries but also accounts for the plurality of market mediation devices. By doing so, he manages to convince players to sign up with his company. While Mendes earning from the deals is not mentioned, there is a fact is he earned a lot of billions pound this summer. The main aim of Mendes is trade these players were to attract  £Euro 85 (pound67) targeting investors to buy stakes in Spain and Portugal. Transferring the players also benefits the team which sold him and the team player joins by making it famous (Conn , para2). Having been a nightclub owner and a friend of footballers to player’s broker, he mentioned his excellent remarks dominated from deals done by Portugal’s top three

Final Essay on Law Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Final on Law - Essay Example The concerns of a structural functionalist include the ability of the system to meet its needs as well as any form of dysfunction in it or how the feedback mechanism reflects a system’s efficiency. Moreover, he is interested in changes that are lasting and become part of the institution as well as culture and the location of authority in the system as the key in the identification of decisions and their nature (Powers 153). In understanding the perspective of a structural functionalist with respect to the criminal justice system, it is important to note that the latter is underpinned by several principles. The first principle is that society can be viewed as a system rather than as a cacophony of individual choices and actions. Second, society is being held together by values and culture that its members share and hold together. The third principle is that the institutions within society play a role in stabilizing it. Finally, change is ever present in a social system, but thi s takes place slowly and is driven by the abandonment and dropping of institutions that are flawed and do not contribute to or are not in harmony with an efficient social system (Garner 324). The framework of the criminal justice system

The Retributivist and Utilitarian Theories for Justification of Essay

The Retributivist and Utilitarian Theories for Justification of Criminal Punishment - Essay Example The matter of penal sanctions, therefore, became an issue among legal theorists; apparently, there comes a point when the penalty is too harsh as to itself be disruptive of the social peace, or that the penalty is too inconsequential that offenders do not think twice about transgressing the law. In order to create effective penal laws, the philosophy and purpose behind the punishment should be examined and their merits and shortcomings understood. Of all frameworks that have been proposed, two stand out in particular in penal theory, namely the retributivist and the utilitarian theories. Retributivism and Utilitarianism There are four fundamental justifications behind criminal punishment: retribution, deterrence (including incapacitation), rehabilitation, and protection of society (Hagan, 2010:103). Deterrence means that punishment serves to warn possible future offenders and inhibit them from committing crimes. Rehabilitation aims to reform or resocialize the criminal into law-abidi ng and compliant members of society. Protection and upholding of social solidarity is simply what it expresses – the protection of society and reaffirmation of social solidarity and values. These three justifications fall under utilitarian theory, because they deal with the effect of the criminal deed on society and to maximize the good such punishment can provide for the greater number, the community (Yacoubian, 1998). Retribution, on the other hand,â€Å"is a moral motive for punishment, not simply a utilitarian one† (Hagan, 2010:103). In this purpose of punishment, the fundamental aim is to restore justice to those who had suffered as well as to society as a whole. In retributivism, neither the future conduct of the offender nor the future impact on society are significant in determining punishment (Yacoubian, 1998) Hagan describes it quite appropriately as society’s equivalent for the individual’s revenge. In the pre-modern age, a person wronged by a crime is entitled to seek vengeance to right the wrong done to him. Modern legal theory assumes this role for the individual, and takes the crime to be an offense not only against the individual but against society itself. Victims of the crime may not pursue their own revenge, but allow the state to pursue, on its behalf and theirs, the penal act that restores the balance of justice. An example of retributive justice is the hunt for and punishment of Nazi war criminals. Such punishment may not significantly serve such purposes as deterrence, protection of society, least of all rehabilitation. However, there remains the public outrage throughout the years that such criminals had gotten away with their war crimes (Hagan, 2010). There is a need to inflict some suffering on the criminal commensurate to the crime done, for the simple reason that justice must be restored. This is the crux behind retributive justice (Haist, 2009). Virtually ignored during the first three quarters of the tw entieth century, retributivism again assumed dominance as the underlying theory of the criminal justice system (Ackerman, 2011:220). What had prevailed for the greater part of the 20th century was Utilitarianism as the overriding theory in criminal punishment. According to Mills (1938), â€Å"Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility.† Utility here is understood to mean the good (also called â€Å"happiness†

The Influence of Media on Perception of Beauty Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Media on Perception of Beauty Essay Defining beauty is not without its challenges: look up the definition of beauty in any english dictionary and one will be met with an ambiguous description similar to this: A combination of qualities that pleases the intellect or moral sense (Newman 2010) acknowledges the dilemma in asking what beauty is. She maintains we grope around the edges of the question as if trying to get a toe-hold on a cloud. We know it when we see it, or so we think. Philosophers construct beauty as a moral equation (Newman 2010). Plato once said that what is beautiful is good. Poets reach for the lofty, according to (Newman 2010). Jean Pullman wrote true beauty is how she acts, true beauty is inside. Others are more definite in their definition. When people approach plastic surgeons and announce make me beautiful what they are asking for are high cheekbones and a stronger jawline (Davis 2011). Scientifically beauty is seen as health. According to (Newman 2010): Its a billboard saying I am healthy and fertile, and I can pass on your genes. Our personal perceptual process plays a large part in what we deem to be beautiful. Perception refers to the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses (Merriam-Webster 2010). The sensory receptors that are involved are skin, mouth, ears, nose and eyes and they inform our sense of touch, taste, hearing, smell and sight. The media has brought with it wonderful advantages in certain aspects of peoples lives but it has also brought with it a very alarming detriment, and this is a change and influence in societys perception of beauty. Through the media unrealistic images of western ideals of beauty are transmitted out all over the world. Advertisements, magazine articles and modern hollywood are the driving force behind the influence of the publics perception of ideal beauty (Hoffman 2004). From magazines and billboards to film and television advertisements, it is fair to say that images of unattainable body ideals are everywhere for all to see. The age of technology has meant that there is more access and exposure to these images. According to (Tornambe 2010) movie icons in the 1950s and 1960s that appeared on the silver screen were admired and adored, but never copied like today. Because it was understood that they lived a life far different from the average person. Fast forward to the present, where people are bombarded by images of the daily life of celebrities thanks to online social media websites like twitter and facebook, blogs and online magazines. This has created an intimate relationship between celebrities and the public (Tornambe 2010). This relationship has changed societys view on beauty because now that celebrities are on our level, doesnt that mean we can be like them? Women in particular experience the brunt of media pressure. From reading magazine articles and advertisements that feature women that are models who are underweight and beautiful, they feel that they need to look like that to be happy and successful (Hoffmann 2004). This can create an unhealthy body image for women. Body image is the perception that one has about oneself (Martin 2009). This perception can be either positive or negative.The average height of a female fashion model is 5 ft 10 inches and weighs 110lbs (Waltz 2004). The average woman is 5 ft 4 inches in height and weighs a healthy 145lbs, yet the media glorifies the former as ideal. The perception that to look like a model will make one happier and confident has led to an increase in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia, as women starve themselves or make themselves sick to aid in faster weight loss (Waltz 2004). Unsurprisingly, eating disorders are a growing epidemic and since 1970, the number of those with eating disorders has increased by a staggering 400% (National Eating Disorder Organisation 2011). Eating disorders account for more fatalities than any other psychological illness (National Eating Disorder Organisation 2011). Genetically some women are not meant to be very thin. The death of American singer Karen Carpenter shocked the world in 1983 when it was found that her death was caused by complications due to anorexia. Her death essentially opened the eyes of the world to this disease, because many had not heard of it as it was rarely talked about (Schmidt 2010). Karen became the first celebrity victim of anorexia. As one half of the band The Carpenters she was a regular in the spotlight and felt the pressures from the media to be thinner. Naturally curvaceous and weighing a healthy 140lbs, she began extreme dieting and starvation in 1967. Her body suffered from the lack of food and many doses of laxatives and thyroid pills and she had fainted many times on and off stage. Her heart, weakened from the stress she placed on her body, eventually gave up and she died from cardiac arrest.The dark side of beauty is apparent. But according to (Newman 2010), studies suggest that beauty is regarded as more than a confidence booster: attractive people make more money, get called on more often in class, receive lighter sentences, and are perceived as friendlier Evidently beauty is so highly regarded that there is an immense expectation for women to conform to impossible standards. According to (Chapman 2011) women are made to feel ugly and ashamed if these standards are not met. For years the ideal beauty in women was considered to be white skin, light eyes and blonde hair, as dictated by the media. Superior race is the most oppressive of beauty ideals which continues to dominate the media (Stephens, Hill and Hanson 1994). According to (Kite 2011) images of white women dominate the media, which creates a negative impact on women who are not of a white ethnicity. Celebrities such as Beyonce Knowles and Aiswarya Rai who are successful actresses in their own right, have experienced what is known as the whitewashing of the media (Beauty Redefined 2011). In advertisements and magazine features these women have been subjected to this harmful media representation where their dark skin has been noticeably whitened before publication. See Figure 1 and 2 where you will see two photographs of both women, one of before each were whitewashed and one afterwards.The media digitally lighten both the skin and hair colour. The transformation of both women is very disturbing. The actresses are considered beautiful women but when they are respresented as beauty icons in the media, they fit the white ideal – light skin, light-colored hair and lightened eyes (Beauty Redefined 2011). In Killing Us Softly, a documentary made by Jean Killbourne in 2010, Jean confirms this. In it she says that women of colour are considered beautiful only if they fullfill the white ideal that is light skin, hair, eyes and caucasian features (Kilbourne 2010). In Asia beauty is often equated with white skin. In fact it has spawned a lucrative and dangerous industry of skin-bleaching products (Hwang Lynch 2011). According to (Hwang Lynch 2011) the preference for pale skin is equivalent to the American obsession with tan skin. 70% of the Asian cosmetic and skin care market is made up of bleaching and whitening products aimed at women who want to artificially lighten their skin(Hwang Lynch 2011).Whilst most products perform safely, they have been linked to the death of a 23 year old Cambodian woman in 2010 (The Guardian 2010). The coined phrase dying to be pale rings true. The search and pursuit of ideal beauty spans centuries and countries. Cleopatra famously wore black kohl made from minerals around her eyes to accentuate them. In the court of Louis XVI, women drew blue veins on their necks to emphasise their noble blood (Newman 2010). In the 18th century women used vermilion rouge that was made of a dangerous chemical compund made up of sulfur and mercury. So dangerous, it caused women to lose their teeth and some to lose their life from being poisoned. The pursuit of ideal beauty is also very costly. According to (Kilbourne 2010) what is most important to women is how we look and that we make the effort to look good: The media surround us with images of the ideal female beauty and we learn from an early age that we must spend enormous amounts of time and money striving to achieve this look and feeling ashamed when we fail. Failure is inevitable because it is impossible to attain this ideal (Kilbourne 2010). Advertisments for cosmetic and skincare products contain models that have been made to look flawless via digital enhancement. The advertisments base their ideal on complete perfection. There are never any natural lines or wrinkles on the models that would be clearly visible without artificial enhancement. The flawlessness advertised by these cosmetic companies simply cannot be achieved (Kilbourne 2010). Nobody looks like these models, not even the models themselves. Kilbourne (2010) discusses female sexuality in her documentary. She says that from an early age girls learn that appearance and sexualised behaviour are rewarded by society. Whilst she claims there is nothing wrong with wanting to be sexy, she believes it is wrong that this is emphasised for women to the omission of other important attributes, such as having a genuine personality. (Wolf 1991) summed up the insecurities felt by young girls: Their [girls] sexual energy, their evaluation of adolescent boys and other girls goes thwarted, deflected back upon the girls, unspoken, and their searching hungry gazed returned to their own bodies. The questions, Whom do I desire? Why? What will I do about it? are turned around: Would I desire myself? Why not? What can I do about it?. Defining beauty is not without its challenges but according to (Englis, Solomon and Ashmore 1994) people actively look for it based on what is thrusted to them by the media. Female consumers are on the lookout for the latest products that will help them look beautiful. Marketers capitalise on this with advertisments depicting unattainable beauty that tricks consumers into buying their product. In the USA in 2011 six billion dollars was spent on fragrance and another six billion on makeup (Newman 2010). Hair and skincare products amounted to eight billion dollars each. 20 billion dollars was spent on diet products and services, and this is in addition to the billions spent on health club memberships and not forgetting cosmetic surgery. Conclusion It is clear that we live in a society and culture that values appearance, and the media bombards us with an array of images of ideal appearances for both men and women on a daily basis. This isnt helped by the fact that we live in the digital age and images are thrusted in our purview through more mediums. The media is such a consistant member of our lives and is so dominant that we consciously do not understand the strong influence and control it holds over our perceptions of beauty. With every passing year and decade our perception of what is ideally beautiful changes as a result of what we are being fed by the media (Salome 2009) No doubt many women will continue to suffer because of it and strive to try and achieve it. Of course there are many of us who will sooth ourselves with cliches like its only skin deep and beauty is in the eye of the beholder but for better or worse beauty matters and has always mattered. The media need to completely change their input in influencing our perceptions. They need to advertise women with realistic and healthy bodies that are beautiful. They must stop featuring unhealthy, underweight models in advertisements – they are not beautiful, they need help and it is wrong. Yes, beauty will always matter. But lets appreciate and embrace being different and renounce any ideal. The media sends out messages to women that beauty is a central aspect to their identity and their sex (Salome 2009). It is extremely damaging for young impressionable women that attach easily to this notion. A genuine personality does not sell a product it seems and instead sex sells. The notion that in advertising and also in the film industry that sex sells, is a powerful force that keeps us trapped in crippling defintions of femininity and masculinity (Kilbourne 2010). According to Jean Kilbourne (2010) what is at stake in this debacle is a womans ability to have an authenthic and fr eely chosen life.