Good vs. Evil Free Essays

Decisions: Good versus Malicious There are numerous ideas that are resolved subjective depending on each person's preferences. Individuals have various ethics; someone’s ethics could be viewed as defilement to another person. We will compose a custom paper test on Great versus Insidious or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now What somebody thinks about wonderful, another should seriously mull over horrifying. A person’s meaning of equity could be somebody else’s meaning of illicit. There are numerous components with respect to why we as a whole have various standards, for example, the manner in which we were raised, our past encounters, our way of life, or our confidence. Therefore, we as a whole appointed authority as needs be to our own points of view. In East of Eden, John Steinbeck expresses that one can be expected acceptable or wickedness once the individual has kicked the bucket. With our various ideal models, we would have alternate points of view on great and insidiousness. Along these lines, we don't have a clue about the right meaning of good or malevolence, so it would not be directly for us to pass judgment on somebody at all previously or after their demise. All that we see is point of view, however how are we so sure it is reality? Take for instance, a blossom. To a human, it is sufficiently little to grasp; to a creepy crawly, it is sufficiently large to be a home. The human and the bug are taking a gander at a similar bloom, yet see it in an unexpected way. Is the subterranean insect essentially smaller than usual, or is the human just too large? It can't be esteemed on the grounds that there are various ideal models that control our judgment. There are additionally increasingly genuine cases this applies to. On July 5, 2011, Casey Anthony was seen not as liable for killing her young girl Caylee. Eyewitnesses were dazed and offended by the jury’s decision. Legal hearers asserted that it couldn't be demonstrated that Casey Anthony was blameworthy in light of the fact that there was insufficient proof. There were just realities that hinted at the end that Casey could be the killer, however there were no crude and established truths that plainly indicated that Casey was liable for the passing of her girl. Capital punishment gauged a great deal on the pondering of the members of the jury. They had an actual existence in their grasp; decisions and deductions were insufficient to see her as blameworthy. The jury could be regarded useful for keeping the law and complying with their promise, or they could be considered wickedness for letting a potential killer pull off a wrongdoing. There are numerous situations on this decision dependent on our perspectives, yet we don't really know reality. There are such a significant number of points of view known to man, we can never be so certain which is the right one. Without knowing reality, our decisions aren’t advocated. They state there is a story behind everything. Stories for the most part have different sides to them, possibly more. Generally, we need to accept that we know the full story. As individuals, we like conclusion and we don't care for unanswered inquiries. In any case, would it be advisable for it to regularly happen to somebody that there might be various obscure sides to a story? Marilyn Monroe was discovered dead in her room from an overdose on August 5, 1962. Monroe’s demise stays a riddle and has gotten one of the most discussed fear inspired notions ever. A few people accept that her passing was a murder, and a few people trusted it was a self destruction. There could be numerous obscure clarifications to Monroe’s demise, and we may never discover. Without information on how she passed on, our decisions are not think. There are continually going to be unanswered inquiries and uncertain endings. As people, what we accept is highminded for the most part drives back to our perspectives and comprehension of life. Everybody has their life organized a specific route as indicated by their convictions. Our convictions hugy affect our mindset and activities whether we have faith in God, Buddha, Atheism, Karma, or anything by any stretch of the imagination. With separating religion and convictions, there is no legitimacy to our decisions. Without the information on reality, we can't judge honestly; we would be expecting aimlessly. It is a human impulse to pass judgment. We judge to cause laws so society to can work in an efficient way, we judge to shield ourselves from hurt by recognizing what is by all accounts hazardous or destructive, and we additionally judge to settle on choices to profit ourselves, for example, picking the school to our craving. Despite the fact that these are levelheaded reasons concerning why we should pass judgment, they additionally lead to war, fear based oppressor assaults, generalizations, and preference. Our presumptions and decisions rotate around our viewpoint. Our ideal models outline our decisions, and this regularly results to various positions and perspectives. The idea of good and malice are according to the onlooker. The genuine meaning of good and malice may never be uncovered in the course of our life. Thus, we can't esteem somebody great or shrewdness previously or after their demise since we don't have the comprehension of these thoughts in any case. Works Cited â€Å"Death of Caylee Anthony. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Death_of_Caylee_Anthony. The most effective method to refer to Good versus Detestable, Papers

Canterbury Tales -The Woman Of Bath Essays - The Canterbury Tales

Canterbury Tales - The Woman Of Bath The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is an assortment of stories in an edge story, somewhere in the range of 1387 and 1400. It is the narrative of a gathering of thirty individuals who head out as explorers to Canterbury to visit the place of worship of Thomas Beckett. The pioneers, who originate from all classes of society, recount stories to one another to kill time while they travel to Canterbury. In the Prologue, it states Chaucer planned that every explorer should advise two stories while in transit to Canterbury and two stories in transit back. He kicked the bucket before he got an opportunity to complete his task; be that as it may, he managed to finish twenty-four of the stories including the one probably told by the Woman of Bath. The fairly unbridled Woman of Bath recounted to an intriguing story which was with regards to her novel character. The lecherous Woman of Bath was an extremely complex material producer who drove an exceptionally fascinating life. She was an individual from the urban culture and was exceptionally effective in her undertakings. She was viewed as alluring, she had large hips, long hair, gapped teeth, and she was to some degree hard of hearing. She wore tight garments, a red scarf on her head, red fishnet stockings, and delicate new shoes. These things, alongside the way that she was all around voyaged showed that she was somewhat well off. The Woman of Bath had five spouses and a lot more relationships. Chaucer expresses that she realizes how to cure love's issues, a workmanship at which she knew the most seasoned Sitton 2 moves. The Woman of Bath was a significant appealing, affluent and wanton lady of her day. The story told by the Woman of Bath appeared to be muddled, yet regardless of anything else, it is essentially about the one thing a lady needs seeing someone. Her story starts with a ruler's men out on an excursion. On his excursion, he ran over an appealing young lady, and taking care of business, he assaulted her. At the point when the King discovered, he was shocked and requested and requested the man's passing. Be that as it may, the Queen asked for his life. The King concluded that the Queen could choose the man's discipline. She concluded that in the event that he needed to live, he would have one year and a day to go out on an excursion to choose what it is that a lady needs most seeing someone. In this way, he set out on another excursion. He went a whole year asking each lady he found what she needed generally, just to hear an alternate answer from every single lady. At last, his year was reaching a conclusion and he started his direction home. In transit he met an elderly person, this lady disclosed to him that she would reveal to him the key to what ladies need, on the off chance that he vowed to do whatever she asks of him first. He concurred. She revealed to him that each of the a lady needs is to be in finished and absolute authority over her marriage and relationships. The man at that point returned to the Queen and her court of ladies and mentioned to them what he had realized. Nobody couldn't help contradicting what he stated, so the sovereign saved his life. The Old Woman at that point stood up and said now you need to do what I ask you to. Anyway, will you wed me? The man separated shouting no, anything other than that. In any case, he needed to do it at any rate. On their wedding night, he overlooked her and treated her icily. At the point when she inquired as to why, he mentioned to her what do you expect you are old and monstrous. She kept on revealing to him that being old and revolting is an indication of celibacy and tidiness; while, b eing youthful and alluring is an indication of indiscrimination and filth. She revealed to him that he needed to pick which one of the two he needed. He disclosed to her that it didn't make a difference, Sitton 3 what's more, it was all up to her; in this way, giving her command over the circumstance. In remuneration, the following morning when they stirred, she was the best of the two universes. In addition to the fact that she was youthful and wonderful, she was unwavering and unadulterated

North American Magic The Worst Thing to Happen to Harry Potter Since Voldemort

North American Magic The Worst Thing to Happen to Harry Potter Since Voldemort J.K. phoned it in. We can all say it. Folks were pretty excited when they first heard about new stories in the Harry Potter universe. First there was the announcement of Fantastic Beasts, and although the casting seemed a bit, er, homogenized for 1920s New York, most people were willing to look the other way. Next came the stage play The Cursed Child and the revelatory casting of a black woman as Hermione. Awesome, I thought, maybe Harry Potter isn’t as messed up with regards to race as I think it is (because I think it’s pretty fucked up and I’m not the only one). But then, Pottermore released Rowling’s History of Magic in North America, and yo. Yo. It’s pretty fucked up. Forget the terrible set up, the categorization of hundreds of tribes throughout North America as a monolith, the weird refusal to acknowledge colonization, the Native magic constructed straight from a Cliffs Notes version of Disney’s Native American stereotypes, the assertion that OF COURSE Native Americans didn’t have wands, that’s a European thing (also: so, no other culture could seem to figure out that wands strengthen their magic but the Europeans? I mean…wow). Put all of that problematic BS aside (if you can, there’s a lot) and you still come to the one, central truth. J.K. phoned it in. The History of Magic in North America is what happens when a fourth grader Googles information about his essay on Oklahoma the night before it’s due, ten minutes before his bedtime, and ends up plagiarizing the Onion and citing it as a credible source. I am not a die hard Harry Potter fan. I did not wait in lines at bookstores at midnight to get a copy of the book. I didn’t dress up in gear from my favorite Hogwart’s House or wait in line to get into the Wizarding World a week after it opened and I only barely know what house I belong to (Gryffindor, every single time).  But if I had dedicated hours and hours of my life to the fandom I’d be pissed. While the rest of the Harry Potter books and movies show a casual disregard for inclusiveness and rely on token minority characters (when they appear at all), the History of Magic in North America is the literary equivalent of performing in black face, although I suppose in this case it’s red face. I discussed on twitter why Rowling’s history of Magic in North America was lazy, but it’s worse than that. While it’s easy for readers to hand wave away the terrible representation in the earlier works, and by extension the movies (which have the whitest London ever depicted since My Fair Lady), it isn’t easy to dismiss this newest work. Rowling cobbled together random bits of found folklore and woo-woo like a New Age practitioner trying for a fresh identity after their third divorce. This isn’t worldbuilding, this isn’t a fresh and new spin on well-known tropes for a deeper message. This is a literal laundry list of stereotypes about Native Americans that required no thought or deeper examination. It’s hurtful to Native Americans and harmful, spreading problematic tropes, but its also insulting to the fans who have spent their money and time on the franchise. The Harry Potter Fandom should expect more. Editors Note: For more info on this, see this post at Native Appropriations  (and  Tweets from Dr. Adrienne Keene), this post from Righting Red  and  Debbie Reeses recent Tweets and post about the topic. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Art Final Paper 201 - After the Renaissance - 1485 Words

Art 201 Professor Wilson May 6th 2012 Final Paper- Comparison between two works of art Pompeo Girolamo Batoni Diana and Cupid 1761 and Corrado Giaquinto The Lamentation 1740’s Neoclassical Art was an art form that followed the Baroque and Rococo art periods. Neoclassicism was a way for artists to display their wish to return to meaningful art, to escape the frivolity of landscapes and still life paintings, and paint something that had a moral, educational or inspirational value to the viewer. Neoclassical art was an attempt to return knowledge and purity back to art. Neoclassicism was mainly focused on Greek and Roman arts and stories of the classical era with some new advancement. It was a revival of antiquity. In Pompeo†¦show more content†¦In each of these works you can clearly see a loving gaze between subjects. In Diana and Cupid, Diana is gazing so lovingly and playfully at Cupid, while Cupid is staring at his bow his hand is placed upon her leg for support while reaching for it. In The Lamentation, only an angel is touching the body of Jesus, holding his hand, but the other main figure in the painting has her hands clasped together and is gazing at Jesus in a loving yet mournful way. The use of color in the paintings can easily be compared and contrasted. Both works are fairly repetitive in their color use, and the colors chosen are clear indicators for where the artist wants the viewer to look. For example in Diana and Cupid her clothing is a bright vibrant red, and while there are many other beautiful colors throughout the painting none are quite as vibrant as the red used. This clearly shows that the human figure is the main subject of the art. In The Lamentation the use of color is a little different, it would seem that the artist used color on all of the other subjects except for Jesus’ naked body which in turn I believe makes Jesus stand out from the picture, because there is color used everywhere but on Jesus you focus in on him while all of the other subjects are kind of blending together. In each of the paintings the artist also uses the shadowing technique. The use of light and dark is captivating i n The Lamentation; a lot of it has toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Evolution Embedded in Symbols2727 Words   |  11 PagesYou wrote the word entropy on the upper left hand corner of the page. On the bottom right hand side you wrote, Creativity is based on randomness and chance. This paper is, in part, an exploration of the pictures and words that we place in notebooks; it is an investigation of the human fixation with the creation of symbols via art and writing. But is also about how the symbols drawn in ones notebook are just as relevant as the development of multi-cellular organisms and the extinction of the dinosaursRead MoreThe Evolution of Individualized Major Programs3401 Words   |  14 Pagescurriculum was derived directly from that of universities in England such as Oxford and Cambridge. Therefore it consisted of medieval learning, devotional studies judged conducive to the preservation of confessional religious piety, and late Renaissance arts and literature (Lucas, 2006). Universities also taught philosophy, Greek, Latin, metaphysics, mathematics, and so much more. The hope was that instead of providing an introduction to one branch they would give their students a repository of informationRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pagesof W estern Sydney Limited, a manufacturer of pumps, filters and security products. GUD’s acquired Sunbeam in 1996. After catering for predominately female needs, it was the male population’s turn to benefit from Sunbeam’s innovations. The electric shaver—Shavemaster—was introduced to the market. Despite heavy international competition, Shavemaster became a market leader shortly after its launch. The appliance revolution continued to penetrate the Australian market. Consumers were introduced to theRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pages1256 and the court of Alphonso the Wise, king of Castille, and exerted a considerable influence on Western magic thereafter. It is said that much of Ficino’s astrological magic derives from the Picatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius in Book 2 of his notorious Steganographia (1500) and in his An tipalus Maleficiorum (c. 1500). One copy (British Library, Sloane manuscript 3679) passedRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pagesnew ideas that solve the important problems. Buy it now and read it tonight. Tomorrow you will learn more, create more, inspire more.† Chairman of the Executive Committee, Intuit Inc. â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA sheds new light on the once-mysterious art of innovation by showing that successful innovators exhibit common behavioral habits—habits that can boost anyone’s creative capacity.† author, e 7 Habits of Highly E ective People and e Leader in Me â€Å"Having worked with Clayton Christensen onRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pages90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A NoteRead MoreZara Business Case15365 Words   |  62 Pageswas based on expectations of future growth—higher than an estimated 69% for Wal-Mart or, for that matter, other high-performing retailers.1 The next section of this case briefly describes the structure of the global apparel chain, from producers to final customers. The section that follows profiles three of Inditex’s leading international competitors in apparel retailing: The Gap (U.S.), Hennes Mauritz (Sweden), and Benetton (Italy). The rest of the case focuses on Inditex, particularly the businessRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagescondition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335â€⠀œ4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the BritishRead MoreGame Theory and Economic Analyst83847 Words   |  336 Pagescategories. Some lay out in a jargon-free manner a particular branch of the theory, the evolution of one of its concepts, or a problem that runs through its development. Others are original pieces of work that are signiï ¬ cant to game theory as a whole. After taking the reader through a concise history of game theory, the contributors discuss such topics as: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ the connections between Von Neumann’s mathematical game theory and the domain assigned to it today since Nash the strategicRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesSixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted

Examples of Company Case Studies - 1356 Words

Case study KUB Case 1 LiFung sought to expand their business started on a small scale and expanding it more and more. They had the idea and they knew which products to sell. They started as a company that only exported goods to outside merchants from the location they we were in. However as they decided to go public, the group was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. By 1995, the group had expanded its customer base to Indian subcontinent, Caribbean basins and the Mediterranean. Its basic strategy rested in the fact that it attracted big companies like Avon, Tesco, Abercrombie Fitch to buy its products. Furthermore, when they started growing, they thought of outsourcing. This included bringing in different products from different places and producing at a different place. For instance, a product was made in Thailand only because of the labor and quota conditions that Thailand had. Its strategy became stronger when it began purchasing their rival companies such that there would be very little competitio n for them. StudioDirect.com is a smart idea that it allows the customers and the companies to shop from anywhere and at anytime. There are no restrictions such as contracts or timings that come in the way. The ability of the customer to see the product in different colors and designs further enhance the possibilities of the product and thus enhance the sale. It is good in a way that this is available for people all over the world. The sale is not limited to certainShow MoreRelated Rendell Company Case Study Essay examples956 Words   |  4 PagesRendell Company Case Study Executive Summary This report will give us a clear perspective as to what the optimal organizational structure that suits Rendell Company plus some additional control system in attaining the company’s main objectives. 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From the basic accounting principles and guidelines, there will affect the balance sheet, income statement and financial statements. Let us discuss to the case study â€Å"Smart Business†. â€Æ' 1.1 Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information Diagram 1 : Qualitative characteristics of accounting information Diagram 1 above is a hierarchy diagram that represents qualitative characteristics of accounting informationRead MoreA World Transformed By Social Technologies1004 Words   |  5 Pagesfor businesses that explains what social media is, how it is changing the way companies relate to consumers, and how it can be used to their advantage. The authors, Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff, both analysts for renowned Forrester Research, one of the most influential research and advisory firms in the world, spent a year researching, analyzing, and blogging about social technologies that are changing the way companies and consumers interact. 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Political †¢ Political parties and alignments at local, national and European or regional trading-bloc level. †¢ Example like on taxation and employment law. †¢ Government ownership of industry and attitude to monopolies and competition. †¢ To relate with case study: Ronald McDonald was opened by McDonalds in Asia in 1996 for the house welcomes families with critically ill children to stay at the house while the children are undergoingRead MoreA Report On The Procurement Process1475 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful in the field. The case study outlines two companies, the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPS) and OPITO, which provide training services to improve procurement practices in the oil and gas industry. The companies completed a survey of the oil and gas industry to identify areas that skill sets are deficient within the industry and are working together to develop specialized training to meet the needs of the oil and gas industry (Business Case Studies, 2016). CIPS is a professionalRead MoreImportance of Good Salespeople in a Company: The Joe Salatino Case Study1276 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1. It is necessary that the Great American Northern company understand the importance of how people form perceptions and make attributions because customers opinions are formed through their interaction with the salesperson over the phone. The Joe Salatino case study reveals a boss whose company is highly successful while at the same time maintaining the potential for even more success. The case study certainly suggests that the company is hugely profitable: Salatino sells more than $20 millionRead MoreA Good Example Of Stakeholder Management1725 Words   |  7 PagesA GOOD EXAMPLE OF STAKEHOLDER MANAGEMENT Thompson (2013), states stakeholder engagement is an important discipline that successful people use to win support from others. Good leaders are disciplined in understanding all the stakeholders and this has a direct benefit on the organizations bottom-line. It takes a high level of engagement on the leaders’ part in order to make and maintain connects with internal and external stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to analyze a case study on WesternRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication : Creative Strategy1461 Words   |  6 Pagesbrand and advertise companies. This paper will examine IMC utilizing three concepts from Robyn Blakeman’s text, Integrated Marketing Communication: Creative Strategy, juxtaposed to case studies from Applegate and Johnsen’s text, Cases in Adversiting Marketing Management, as well as tie in concepts from Michael Serazio’s, Your Ad Here, in order to create a detailed examination on IMC. This examination includes consi dering the functions of IMC in relation to a marketplace example to offer an analysis

Madness Free Essays

By definition, ‘madness’ correlates to one or something which is mad. The Oxford English Dictionary defines ‘mad’ as: â€Å"1. mentally deranged; insane. We will write a custom essay sample on Madness or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. senseless; foolish. 3. angry; resentful. 4. wildly enthusiastic (about) or fond (of). 5. extremely excited or confused; frantic. 6. wildly exuberant. 7. temporarily overpowered by violent reactions, emotions, etc.†[1] The word ‘mad’ has come to mean something as frivolous as over-excitement, or enthusiasm, to something as serious as a question of sanity. In today’s culture and society, madness has even been used as the moniker of a zany ska-pop band, and it is used in reference to a neurodegenerative disease in bovine – or Mad Cow Disease, but which came first: the emotion, or the level of sanity? When did it become readily acceptable that madness was not only a state of mind, but also a quantifier for enthusiasm? In order to understand the root of the term ‘madness’, we need to go back to its roots.   The word ‘mad’, according to dictionaries, is from before 900 A.D. and derives from Middle English vernacular for ‘madden’, and Old English ‘gemÇ £dan’, or to make mad; akin to mad, foolish.[2]   Even within the mid-centuries, the term signified a sense of foolhardy action, or senselessness. Perhaps it is this basis, and association with profound behavior which led the word to become synonymous with mental disorders. Literature often alludes to the cultural influences of an era. Many poets through the centuries have suggested that inspiration comes to them; that their works are often not their own, but those of a muse. According to Tracy K. Smith, one such poet, Federico Garcà ­a Lorca, believes that it is to the ‘duende’ which inspiration comes: â€Å"Unlike the Muse or Angel, which exist beyond or above the poet, the duende sleeps deep within the poet, and asks to be awakened and wrestled, often at great cost.†[3] This illusionary ‘demon’ is often how madness and mental disorders were diagnosed. In the early Middle Ages, possession and demonic pranksters were often considered the reason for madness, or early cases of schizophrenia. We have come along way, though, in learning and discovered that mental disorders may lead one into madness, but they are not caused by anger or emotion. The substitution of definition for ‘madness’ had become a readily acceptable practice by the 1300s; an era also known for the bubonic plague. Many medical doctors had come alongside playwrights and poets in the use of the term. Mental health asylums had become wide-spread institutions across Europe. This isn’t to say they didn’t exist prior, but in correlation to the use of language, it plays a strong significance that mental health and ‘going mad’ would be considered synonyms at this time. It is perhaps unsurprising that Dante’s Divine Comedy speaks of madness in similar ‘medical’ terms in Canto XXX: When vanish’d the two furious shades, on whom Mine eye was held, I turn’d it back to view The other cursed spirits[4] In this Canto, Dante witnesses ‘insanity’ as the punishment of those who chose to deceive throughout history and myth. Language is constantly changing and developing as the society which uses it continues to evolve and change. In this millennium, we have readily accepted the use of ‘madness’ to refer to foolish, excitable enthusiasm; as well as temporary insanity or related to anger. Originally, perhaps it is to be considered this was not always the case, with the term referring more to a senseless activity, or akin to a jester’s antics. In time, physical attributes of certain mental disorders have leaned the word towards references of questionable sanity. Coupled with the use for anger, it has developed into today’s known definition. BIBLIOGRAPHY _. Oxford English Dictionary Oxford UP., Standard Edition, 2000.    _. mad. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mad (accessed: September 15, 2007).    Alighieri, D., Canto XXX, The Divine Comedy. The Harvard Classics.   1909–14.   (available: http://www.bartleby.com/20/130.html )    Smith, Tracy, K., Survival in Two Worlds at Once: Federico Garcia Lorca and Duende The Academy of American Poets, 2007. (available at: http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5898 ) [1] Oxford English Dictionary, p.793-794 [2] mad. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mad (accessed: September 15, 2007). [3] The Spanish poet, Federico Garcà ­a Lorca, named the keeper of that space the duende—daemon (Tracy Smith, 2007). [4] Canto XXX, lines 47-49. How to cite Madness, Essay examples

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Driving Organizational Success for Multinational Companies in Oil/Mining Industry free essay sample

ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND LAW ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN OIL/MINING INDUSTRY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degrees Masters in Business Administration Lecturer: Eileen OLeary 2010 By: Albertus Rendy Buntaran (S3264165) Executive Summary This paper provides a broad definition of ethical behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the competitive world of oil and mining industries of today. It is also acknowledged that factors behind both ethics and CSR are evolving and therefore, the factors for both ethics and CSR are defined for three different periods. The first period will focus on early 2000 when Enron failed and caused major shift in the world of ethics, during this period, the main factor is commitment and that was the only thing. Commitment for ethical conducts and CSR came with minor implementation. The second period is in present times, where ethics and CSR have already taken place in most of oil and mining corporations. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility in Driving Organizational Success for Multinational Companies in Oil/Mining Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The establishment of Global Reporting Initiative has defined the standardized framework for reporting. Moreover, corporations start to involved in their commitment. Many corporations are extensively using their ethics and CSR concepts as the basis in driving their organizational success. The future is yet to be challenging as the concept of sustainable development emerged as the new goal in relation with CSR and ethics. Each factor is presented with in depth discussion and evaluation to see how it drives organizational success. There are also some study cases included to see how the output of discussion and evaluation applied in the practical world. ii Table of Contents ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 1 GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND LAW 1 ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN DRIVING ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS FOR MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN OIL/MINING INDUSTRY .. 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY II TABLE OF CONTENTS. III INTRODUCTION.. 1 iii Introduction In todays world of oil and mining industries, many corporations are striving to be more ethical and socially responsible. Initiated by the Enron scandal in 2001 and the rising concern for the environment in both past and present situation, many more companies worldwide now acknowledge the importance of ethical practices and CSR as part of their business operations to reach organizational success. Although movements towards both subjects are getting better, the factor behind it changes as the business world evolves from one stage to another. While corporations are intensively trying to improve its viability and accountability, another challenge for the future is already waiting ahead toward the sustainable ethical operations and CSR programs. Furthermore, there is already established reporting standards and methods to assists corporations such as Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting framework. However, a critical supporting factor that used to be forgotten which is leadership is also needed in order to ensure that efforts being performed by those corporations are happening not because they are being pushed to do that, but rather because it is what they as a corporation wants, integrated as a part of its system. 1 Aim This paper aims to assess the factors of ethical practice and adoption of CSR in driving organizational success for multinational companies in oil and mining industries during the past in early 2000, current situation and overlook how these will be in the future. Factors Nowadays, the more appropriate question needs to be answered is no longer to what extent should a corporation include the society in their business operation but how to do it and use it as the river for organizational success (Epstein et al, 2006). In recent years, ethics and social responsibility have been playing an important role in the business world including in oil and mining industries . The pressure towards society and ethical conducts are higher than ever. Although every oil and mining multinational corporations economic missions are acknowledged, it is now their responsibility also to address public concerns. Oil and mining industries are known as the subject of scrutiny and bad press related with ethics and CSR concerns (Lins Horwitz, 2007). The interest on CSR and ethics are always fore-fronted to the mining and oil corporations (Kapelus, 2009). The idea was developed since a long time ago, where multinational corporations are demanded to provide community development packages and assistance to their host communities (Amaewhule, 1997). Every business person, regardless their position in the hierarchy, company geographic details or even its products and services are now facing the same challenge which is how to define their corporation role for the society. Many corporation scandals that took place during 2000 period have changed the whole shape of business ethics in a very significant ways. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been going around the business communities for a long time. The concept, strategies, implementation and output have been discussed in the past few years. Oil and mining multinational corporations have been pressured to take into account the effect of their operations to the society surrounding. In present situation, corporations are now challenged on how to combine society issues into their system while at the same time also needs to keep their conducts ethical in everyone perspectives. The factor behind both ethics and CSR are also varying as time moves on. In the past, ethics has been discovered as a commitment, where nowadays it is assumed that most corporations are involved putting their commitment into reality. The future factor will concentrate over the concept of sustainable development which surfaced in 1980s (Mitchell, 2009). To further understand the dimensions of sustainable development concepts, Dr. Walter Wehrmeyer (2000) developed what is called as â€Å"Sustainability Triangle† which clearly provides birds eye view on how the concept correlates with other environments. 3 Figure 1. 0 Sustainability Triangle Source : Corporate Social Responsibility in 2000 by Dr. Walter Wehrmeyer In the globalization era, oil and mining corporations are arguably if not the most profitable sectors in the worldwide market nowadays. Big corporations such as Enron, Exxon, BP and BHP Billiton are all experienced with both ethics and CSR issues. In historical perspective, CSR concepts can be traced for a long time ago but since it was unwritten, it was not formally recognized until the twentieth century through the works such as Chester Barnard’s The Functions of the Executive in 1938, J. M. Clark’s Social Control of Business in 1939, and Theodore Kreps’s Measurement of the Social Performance of Business in 1940 (Epstein et al, 2006). Furthermore, the concept of business ethics could even traced back further into the religious period. Since their inception, the world’s great religions have been preaching the need for ethics in business† (Mitchell, 2009). Moreover, the concept can be traced back into the past where it can then be proven through the warning against greasing the wheels with cash, states: â€Å"Thou shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds the officials and subverts th e cause of those who are in the right† (Exodus 23: 6-8). In people perspective, oil and, mining companies are somewhat a potential cause of major environmental and social 4 issues. Production wastes that are not managed well can destroy the surrounding environment and eventually lead to social problems. There are events that have proven how multinational oil and mining companies faced problems because of their lack of care to the environment. However, during the 2000 era, such consciousness was not high enough. Most companies know how important both CSR and ethics were, but their commitment were not followed by involvement and any action. Take Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT) in Indonesia as an example. In 2002, the corporation was accused to be involved in an attack designated to a group of women who studied the ethical conducts and environment impacts of their business operations (Welker, 2009). It was clear that during the past, corporations still think that neither ethics nor CSR are important factors that were beneficial to their success. During this period, there was nothing more could be expected from the corporations rather than just a commitment which was written as a policy but not really done as an action. In the current situation, many corporations have been involved in both ethics and CSR conducts. They started to realize that as the world becoming more modern, concerns for both ethics and CSR are inevitable and rather than just another commitment, it must be implemented. If we ever visited every or some major oil and mining multinational corporations’ websites nowadays, we can easily find a dedicated section that reports their concerns for society and act of ethical conduct. BP, Exxon, Shell and even developing countries corporations such as Malaysian Petronas or Indonesian Pertamina are providing reports related with their social activities. Ethical conducts are also being embraced after the fall of Enron in 2001 where Enron’s image was in tatters and its stock price had plummeted nearly to zero (Healy Palepu, 2003). In the world of globalization, governments all over all the world have put in place the regulation that ensure every oil and mining corporations to have an ethical conduct and social responsibility program. However, we all need to always take into account that government is no longer as strong as it is. Nowadays, more than 50% of 100 leading corporations are private rather than state-owned (Bomann-Larsen Oddny, 2004). This means that involvement from each corporation will play an important role to define the organizational success both internal and external rather than depending on governments because states are no longer central players in the business world. Implementing ethical operations and CSR are beneficial if they can get more involved rather than just a commitment. This hypothesis is strengthened by the fact that nowadays â€Å"entire executive team are expected to become actively involved in the community as part of their leadership 5 development where it helps build a vibrant company where people can feel good about what they do and where they live† (Wright et al, 2008). Though it is difficult to find any evidence that CSR and ethics have really put many oil and mining corporations into a larger success level, it has been discussed that the connections between both concepts with organizational success are actually exists. Mitchell (2009), stated that â€Å"Finding a solid, clearly-defined direct link between ethical behavior and increased profits or shareholder value is the Holy Grail of academic research on the subject but companies that make a clear commitment to ethics in their annual reports have a higher share value than competitors that do not†. Does this mean all of oil and mining corporations with high stock price and profits already on the right direction to meet its social expectations not to mention also being ethical in their business operations? There has been no definitive answer to this question, but nor oil neither mining corporations can survive without support from the local community and therefore it is important factor to achieve organizational success. The upcoming future of both ethics and CSR in oil and mining industries is yet to come. The next development goal is already defined which is to achieve sustainable development. Sustainable development is defined as â€Å"a balanced approach for organizations to address economic, social and environment issues in a way that aims to benefit people, communities and society† (WCED, 1987). Moreover, defined future goal is not seen enough, there are options on how sustainability should be, corporations may not always looking for a strong one, they always have an option to go for a weak sustainability, which is easier to achieved. Oil and mining corporations are the main players of these concepts because their businesses focus on natural capital. â€Å"Natural capital is believed as the center of sustainability as many components of natural capital are living beings or results of life, like coal or crude oil† (Ott, 2003). The movement towards the goal has started from early 2000 when Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), an organization with network based members. GRI provides the internationally recognized reports guidelines for sustainability development and currently is the most developed. â€Å"Sustainability reporting has become critical for companies. It is important for companies to build the trust and confidence of its stakeholders and it is expected of companies today to report on the sustainability issues pertinent to its business† (Hill, 2007). Although the idea was already established a long time ago, based on the GRI Reports List (2010), only Kingsgate as the mining industry representative and Woodside Petroleum as the oil industry representative that are included in the list. Based on the research 6 done by Australian Center for Corporate Social Responsibility (ACCSR), oil industry scored lower on their CSR capabilities in 2009 compared to 2008, while mining industries are able to get higher score in 2009 compared to the previous year (ACCSR , 2009). These facts show that the involvement of many multinational corporations in their ethics and CSR programs are simply not enough. John Elkington (1994) introduced what is now known as the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). The concept suggested that â€Å"By preparing and disseminating TBL statements, an organization conveys an image of concern and sensitivity to the three dimensions of societal responsibility: economic, environmental, and social† (Brown et al, 2006). The TBL framework is also being endorsed by GRI as the basis of sustainability development. However, none of the aforementioned concepts matter when strong leadership is missing. The realizations of any concepts are always in need for a strong leadership not only from business side but also regulatory side. The leadership is a very important key factor, GRI has also calls on governments to take leadership by requiring all corporations to comply with the sustainability reporting framework (GRI, 2009). In terms of an example, Indonesian Government is one of the best examples in the world. In 2007, Indonesia took an initial step to make CSR Reporting compulsory and must be implemented in three months time to proof that the plan is operable (Kiroyan, 2007). These rules are included in a law passed by the legislation. During that time, Indonesia is the only government in the world to have such regulation and soon followed by other nations. In the globalization era and the pressure from society are high, this is where a leader comes in. The businesses most likely to succeed are whose leader able to incorporate values into their decision making and execution process, seek to balance conflicting interests and concerns (Palazzi Starcher, 2006). Enron fall in 2001 is a sample where a corporation lacks of leadership. The idea of leadership as the basis of both ethics and CSR has been misunderstood as the ability to direct people into a particular direction. However, this view is not entirely right, rather than pushing the people or employees into doing the right thing, leadership is about make people want to do the right thing, in the right way. A lot of oil and mining corporations are now struggling to empower this into their system. Because achieving sustainability development is not targeted for the leaders, but also all employees and other stakeholders. Effective leadership that distributed throughout the entire corporations system created leadership cultures are self-sustaining (Painter-Morland, 2008). This challenge is also applied to any other corporations in the 7 world, because ethics and CSR are so abstract, it is impossible to narrow the applicability of it into just the mining and oil industries. In short summary, the variation of factors that contribute to the development of ethics and CSR are not mutually excursive. They should be combined to reach the maximum effort. When are the corporations expected to have successfully implemented the sustainable development? American Management Association (2007) believes that the movement will reach will eventually start to reach its peak on 2017 given the current condition. In current situation, â€Å"the growth of social and environmental costs and corporate managers’ recognition that they need to better manage corporate social and environmental impacts have dramatically increased the demand for both internal and external social and environmental reports† (Epstein Marc, 2008). The future does not want another Exxon-Valdez incident, where unethical and irresponsibility incident happened. Furthermore, that incident was a result of their lack of leadership, one absolute factor that almost every executive fail to address and recognize. The Enron executives used the five mechanisms to reinforce a culture that was morally flexible, opening the door to ethics degeneration, lying, cheating, and stealing (Sims, 2003). In hope of a better future, oil and mining corporations are now striving to reach the sustainability. Moreover, they also should never ignore that strong leadership is always an important basis to reach that goal. Incorporate both the act of ethical operations and excellent CSR program with good leadership together, it is not impossible to reach the goal. 8 Conclusion On the whole, it can be concluded that factors of both ethics and CSR in three different periods are changing but not mutually exclusive. During the early millennium era which was in 2000, ethics and CSR main factor was commitment. In that period, most oil and mining corporations are already had a commitment about both subjects, but the fall of Enron showed that there was nothing more than just a commitment. Corporations never really put into account how important ethical conducts and CSR in driving their organizational success. In current period, we have seen a better involvement of corporations in the implementation of their ethics and CSR programs. They started to adopt the GRI standard report format to keep the public informed of their activities. The challenge for the future is already started from a long time ago, which goal is to reach sustainability. While the oil and mining corporations are developing into reaching the goal, there is another supporting factor that plays an important role which is strong leadership. There is a vision already that believes the year of 2017 is the tipping point where sustainable development will be mature and eventually reach its peak. 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